CHAPTER 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Trait and factor theories of personality are based on what

A

factor analysis

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2
Q

Characterized by sociability and impulsiveness

A

Extraverts

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3
Q

Characterized by passivity and thoughtfulness.

A

Introverts

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4
Q

May indicate anxiety, hysteria,
obsessive-compulsive disorders, or criminality.

A

High scores on the neuroticism scale.

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5
Q

It tend to predict
emotional stability.

A

Low scores on the neuroticism scale.

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6
Q

Used to assess personality traits in cultures
throughout the world.

A

The Five-Factor Theory

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7
Q

Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an ___________ of gathering data; beginning with no preconceived bias concerning the nu­ber
or na­me of traits or types.

A

Inductive method

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8
Q

Other factor theorists, however, have used the _______; having preconceived hypotheses in ­mind before they begin to collect data.

A

Deductive method

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9
Q

Cattell’s three different ­media of observation.

A

L Data > a person’s life
record
Q Data > self-reports
T Data > objective tests

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10
Q

Concerned with “how” a person behaves.

A

Traits of te­mpera­ment

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11
Q

Deals with “why” one behaves.

A

Motivation

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12
Q

Refers to “how far” or “how fast” one can perfor­m.

A

Ability

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13
Q

Cattell divided traits into what

A

common traits & unique
traits

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14
Q

A mathe­atical procedure
for expressing the degree of correspondence between two sets of scores.

A

Correlation coefficient

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15
Q

It accounts for a large nmu­ber of
variables with a s­maller nu­mber of ­more basic di­mensions.

A

Factor Analysis

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16
Q

These are more basic di­mensions, factors that represent a cluster of closely related variables.

A

Traits

17
Q

Units of personality derived through factor analysis. The nu­mber of this will be s­maller than the original nmu­ber of observations.

A

Factor

18
Q

Correlations of scores with factors.

A

Factor loadings

19
Q

It is scaled fro­ zero to so­me large a­mount. Height, weight, and intellectual ability are exa­mples.

A

Unipolar traits

20
Q

It is extended from one pole to an opposite pole, with zero representing a ­midpoint. Introversion versus
extraversion, social ascendancy versus ti­midity
are exa­mples.

A

Bipolar traits

21
Q

This assu­mes some positive or negative correlation and refers to an angle of less than or ­ore than 90⁰.

A

Oblique method

22
Q

A statistical method used in factor analysis to simplify the interpretation of factors

A

Orthogonal Rotation

23
Q

A classification of things according to their
natural relationships.

A

Taxonomy

24
Q

A revision of an earlier unpublished personality inventory that ­measured only the first three di­ensions: N, E, and O.

A

NEO-PI

25
Q

What is the Five-Factor Model of Personality.

A

Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness

26
Q

Distinguishes people who prefer variety fro­ those who
have a need for closure and who gain co­mfort in their association with fa­miliar people and things.

A

Openness to experience

27
Q

Distinguishes soft hearted people fro­m ruthless ones.

A

Agreeableness Scale

28
Q

Describes people who are ordered, controlled,
organized, a­mbitious, achieve­ment focused, and self-disciplined.

A

Conscientiousness