CHAPTER 13 Flashcards
Trait and factor theories of personality are based on what
factor analysis
Characterized by sociability and impulsiveness
Extraverts
Characterized by passivity and thoughtfulness.
Introverts
May indicate anxiety, hysteria,
obsessive-compulsive disorders, or criminality.
High scores on the neuroticism scale.
It tend to predict
emotional stability.
Low scores on the neuroticism scale.
Used to assess personality traits in cultures
throughout the world.
The Five-Factor Theory
Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an ___________ of gathering data; beginning with no preconceived bias concerning the nuber
or name of traits or types.
Inductive method
Other factor theorists, however, have used the _______; having preconceived hypotheses in mind before they begin to collect data.
Deductive method
Cattell’s three different media of observation.
L Data > a person’s life
record
Q Data > self-reports
T Data > objective tests
Concerned with “how” a person behaves.
Traits of temperament
Deals with “why” one behaves.
Motivation
Refers to “how far” or “how fast” one can perform.
Ability
Cattell divided traits into what
common traits & unique
traits
A matheatical procedure
for expressing the degree of correspondence between two sets of scores.
Correlation coefficient
It accounts for a large nmuber of
variables with a smaller number of more basic dimensions.
Factor Analysis
These are more basic dimensions, factors that represent a cluster of closely related variables.
Traits
Units of personality derived through factor analysis. The number of this will be smaller than the original nmuber of observations.
Factor
Correlations of scores with factors.
Factor loadings
It is scaled fro zero to some large amount. Height, weight, and intellectual ability are examples.
Unipolar traits
It is extended from one pole to an opposite pole, with zero representing a midpoint. Introversion versus
extraversion, social ascendancy versus timidity
are examples.
Bipolar traits
This assumes some positive or negative correlation and refers to an angle of less than or ore than 90⁰.
Oblique method
A statistical method used in factor analysis to simplify the interpretation of factors
Orthogonal Rotation
A classification of things according to their
natural relationships.
Taxonomy
A revision of an earlier unpublished personality inventory that measured only the first three diensions: N, E, and O.
NEO-PI
What is the Five-Factor Model of Personality.
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Distinguishes people who prefer variety fro those who
have a need for closure and who gain comfort in their association with familiar people and things.
Openness to experience
Distinguishes soft hearted people from ruthless ones.
Agreeableness Scale
Describes people who are ordered, controlled,
organized, ambitious, achievement focused, and self-disciplined.
Conscientiousness
