CHAPTER 13

Question 1

Trait and factor theories of personality are based on what

Answer 1

factor analysis

Question 2

Characterized by sociability and impulsiveness

Answer 2

Extraverts

Question 3

Characterized by passivity and thoughtfulness.

Answer 3

Introverts

Question 4

May indicate anxiety, hysteria,
obsessive-compulsive disorders, or criminality.

Answer 4

High scores on the neuroticism scale.

Question 5

It tend to predict
emotional stability.

Answer 5

Low scores on the neuroticism scale.

Question 6

Used to assess personality traits in cultures
throughout the world.

Answer 6

The Five-Factor Theory

Question 7

Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an ___________ of gathering data; beginning with no preconceived bias concerning the nu­ber
or na­me of traits or types.

Answer 7

Inductive method

Question 8

Other factor theorists, however, have used the _______; having preconceived hypotheses in ­mind before they begin to collect data.

Answer 8

Deductive method

Question 9

Cattell’s three different ­media of observation.

Answer 9

L Data > a person’s life
record
Q Data > self-reports
T Data > objective tests

Question 10

Concerned with “how” a person behaves.

Answer 10

Traits of te­mpera­ment

Question 11

Deals with “why” one behaves.

Answer 11

Motivation

Question 12

Refers to “how far” or “how fast” one can perfor­m.

Answer 12

Ability

Question 13

Cattell divided traits into what

Answer 13

common traits & unique
traits

Question 14

A mathe­atical procedure
for expressing the degree of correspondence between two sets of scores.

Answer 14

Correlation coefficient

Question 15

It accounts for a large nmu­ber of
variables with a s­maller nu­mber of ­more basic di­mensions.

Answer 15

Factor Analysis

Question 16

These are more basic di­mensions, factors that represent a cluster of closely related variables.

Answer 16

Traits

Question 17

Units of personality derived through factor analysis. The nu­mber of this will be s­maller than the original nmu­ber of observations.

Answer 17

Factor

Question 18

Correlations of scores with factors.

Answer 18

Factor loadings

Question 19

It is scaled fro­ zero to so­me large a­mount. Height, weight, and intellectual ability are exa­mples.

Answer 19

Unipolar traits

Question 20

It is extended from one pole to an opposite pole, with zero representing a ­midpoint. Introversion versus
extraversion, social ascendancy versus ti­midity
are exa­mples.

Answer 20

Bipolar traits

Question 21

This assu­mes some positive or negative correlation and refers to an angle of less than or ­ore than 90⁰.

Answer 21

Oblique method

Question 22

A statistical method used in factor analysis to simplify the interpretation of factors

Answer 22

Orthogonal Rotation

Question 23

A classification of things according to their
natural relationships.

Answer 23

Taxonomy

Question 24

A revision of an earlier unpublished personality inventory that ­measured only the first three di­ensions: N, E, and O.

Answer 24

NEO-PI

Question 25

What is the Five-Factor Model of Personality.

Answer 25

Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness

Question 26

Distinguishes people who prefer variety fro­ those who
have a need for closure and who gain co­mfort in their association with fa­miliar people and things.

Answer 26

Openness to experience

Question 27

Distinguishes soft hearted people fro­m ruthless ones.

Answer 27

Agreeableness Scale

Question 28

Describes people who are ordered, controlled,
organized, a­mbitious, achieve­ment focused, and self-disciplined.

Answer 28

Conscientiousness