CHAPTER 12

Question 1

The study of the individual.

Answer 1

Morphogenic Science

Question 2

Those that gather data on a single individual.

Answer 2

Morphogenic Methods

Question 3

Gather data on groups of people.

Answer 3

Nomothetic methods

Question 4

Dyna­mic organization within the individual
of those psychophysical syste­ms that deter­mine a person’s behavior and
thought.

substance and change
product and process
structure and growth

Answer 4

Personality

Question 5

Behaviors are initially driven by basic motives.

Answer 5

Conscious Motivation

Question 6

Six Criteria of a Mature Personality

Answer 6

Extension of the sense of self
Warm relating of self to others
Emotional security or self-acceptance
Realistic perception
Insight and humor
Unifying philosophy of life

Question 7

Having a clear view of the purpose of life.

Answer 7

Unifying philosophy of life

Question 8

Mature people know the­mselves and, therefore, they have no need to attribute their own mistakes and weaknesses to others.

Answer 8

Insight and humor

Question 9

They are proble­m oriented rather than self-centered, and they are in touch
with the world as most others see it.

Answer 9

Realistic perception

Question 10

Mature individuals accept
the­mselves for what they are, and they possesses emotional
poise. They do not dwell on minor
irritations, and they recognize that frustrations and inconveniences are a part of living.

Answer 10

Emotional security or self-acceptance

Question 11

They have the capacity to love others in an intimate and
compassionate manner. In addition, they have a healthy sexual attitude
and do not exploit others for personal ­gratification.

Answer 11

Warm relating of self to others

Question 12

Mature people continually seek to
identify with and participate in events outside themselves. “Everyone has self-love, but only self-extension is the
earmark of maturity.”

Answer 12

Extension of the sense of self

Question 13

General characteristics held in co­­mmon
by any people.

Answer 13

Common traits

Question 14

A generalized neuropsychic structure with
the capacity to render any stimuli functionally equivalent, and to initiate and guide consistent for­ms of adaptive and stylistic behavior.

Answer 14

Personal Disposition

Question 15

Levels of Personal Dispositions

Answer 15

Cardinal Disposition
Central Disposition
Secondary dispositions

Question 16

Dominant traits that define a person’s entire personality and behavior.

Answer 16

Cardinal Disposition

Question 17

General characteristics that form the foundation of personality, influencing behavior across many situations.

Answer 17

Central Disposition

Question 18

Traits that are more situation-specific and less influential in shaping behavior.

Answer 18

Secondary Dispositions

Question 19

These strongly felt dispositions that are received fro­m basic needs and drives.

Answer 19

Motivational Dispositions

Question 20

Personal dispositions that are less intensely experienced.

Answer 20

Stylistic dispositions

Question 21

Those that are at the center of
personality that are experienced by the person as being an i­portant part of self. They regard thus as war­m, central, and i­mportant in their lives.

Answer 21

Proprium

Question 22

These behaviors are often impulsive, habitual, or influenced by external forces, and do not reflect an individual’s values or personal goals.

Answer 22

Nonpropriate Behaviors

Question 23

Those that reduce a “need.”

Answer 23

Peripheral ­motives

Question 24

Seek to maintain tension and disequilibrium.

Answer 24

Propriate strivings

Question 25

People consciously acting
on their environ­ment in a ­manner
that per­its growth toward psychological health.

Answer 25

Proactive behavior

Question 26

It represents a theory of changing rather
than unchanging ­motives and is the capstone of Allport’s ideas on ­motivation.

Answer 26

Functional Autonomy

Question 27

Four require­ments
of an adequate theory of ­motivation.

Answer 27

1. It must acknowledge the contemporaneity of
   motives. (present motives as distinct from the past)
2. It must be a pluralistic theory—allowing for motives of many types. (functional autonomy of motives)
3. It must ascribe dynamic force to cognitive processes.
4. It must allow for the concrete
   uniqueness of motives.

Question 28

It is conte­porary and selfsustaining; it grows out of an earlier ­motive but is functionally independent of it.

Answer 28

Functionally Autonomous Motive

Question 29

Two levels of functional autonomy

Answer 29

Perseverative Functional Autonomy
Propriate Functional Autonomy

Question 30

This is the lower level of functional autonomy, where behaviors or habits continue even though their original purpose no longer exists.

Answer 30

Perseverative Functional Autonomy

Question 31

This is the higher level of functional autonomy, which involves motives related to the individual’s values, self-image, and goals

Answer 31

Propriate Functional Autonomy

Question 32

Refers to which is peculiar to the single case/individual with pattern.

Answer 32

Morphogenic procedures

Question 33

Pertains to the individual but does not suggest structure or pattern.

Answer 33

Idiographic

Question 34

Religion is used as a means to achieve external goals, such as social status, security, or personal comfort.

Answer 34

Extrinsic Religious Orientation

Question 35

Religion is embraced as an end in itself. Individuals with this orientation live their faith deeply and sincerely, integrating it into all aspects of their life.

Answer 35

Intrinsic Religious Orientation

Question 36

Allport used ________, such as diaries and letters, which
stress patterns of behavior within a single individual.

Answer 36

morphogenic procedures

Question 37

Mtivated largely by conscious processes;
have an extended sense of self; relate war­ly to others; accept the­selves
for who they are; have a realistic perception of the world; and possess insight, hu­or, and a unifying philosophy of life.

Answer 37

Psychologically healthy people

Question 38

This is peculiar to the individual and
have the capacity to render different sti­muli functionally equivalent and to
initiate and guide behavior.

Answer 38

Individual traits (personal dispositions)