Chapter 13

Question 1

Emotional labour

Answer 1

Emotional labour is the effort required to manage and express emotions as part of a job. This often involves showing specific feelings, like being friendly or calm, even if you don’t actually feel that way. It’s common in jobs that involve interacting with customers, clients, or patients, such as in healthcare, retail, and customer service. Arlie Hochschild

Question 2

GLOBAL DIVISION OF LABOUR

Answer 2

Global assembly lines refer to the international production process where different stages of manufacturing and assembly of products are distributed across various countries

Global commodity chains: where internationally integrated economic links connect workers and corporations for manufacture and marketing

Question 3

industrial society

Answer 3

a society that uses advanced technology that when combined with a detailed division of labour, promotes mass production and a high standard of living

Question 4

division of labour:

Answer 4

the coordinated assignment of different parts of a job to different people to improve efficiency

Question 5

specialization

Answer 5

a system of production in which different individuals or groups each focus on producing limited range of goods or services to yield greater efficiency

Question 6

mechanical solidarity

Answer 6

a solidarity growing out of common experiences ,feelings, and values and beliefs of people in pre- modern society

Question 7

anomie

Answer 7

normlessness and confusion causing doubt and insecurity

Question 8

organic solidarity

Answer 8

social cohesion based on a division of labour that results in people depending on one another, binding people together in technologically advanced societies

Question 9

professionalization

Answer 9

a process where certain jobs or occupational groups become “professions”

Question 10

proletarianization

Answer 10

the emergence of a junior wage- working class among people with professional qualifications

Question 11

McDonaldization

Answer 11

The concept of “McDonaldization” was introduced by sociologist George Ritzer. It refers to the process by which the principles of fast-food restaurants, especially McDonald’s, are coming to dominate more sectors of society and the world. These principles include efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.

Question 12

The 4 Principles

Answer 12

Efficiency: reducing the time to complete a task, such as filling an order

Calculability: getting workers to quantify how much they’re delivering, and letting customers know, in numbers, how much they’re getting versus how much they’re paying

Predictability: standardizing price, product, and service delivery from one location to another

Control: having all employees trained in the same way

Question 13

Bullshit Jobs

Answer 13

David Graeber. meaningless, unnecessary jobs that we all know are “bullshit”

Question 14

flunkies

Answer 14

paid to hang around and make their superiors feel important

Question 15

goons

Answer 15

gratuitous or arms-race muscle

Question 16

duct tapers

Answer 16

Hired to patch or bridge major flaws that their bosses are too lazy or inept to fix systemically

Question 17

box tickers

Answer 17

using paperwork or serious- looking reports, to suggest that things are happening when things aren’

Question 18

taskmasters

Answer 18

unnecessary superiors, who manage people who don’t need management, and bullshit generators, whose job is to create and assign more bullshit for others

Question 19

post-industrialism

Answer 19

shift to an economic system based more on knowledge, services, and information than factory-made goods and primary production

Question 20

Fordism

Answer 20

Fordism: an approach to work organization, developed by automaker Henry Ford, that relied on a strict division of labour and assembly-line construction

Question 21

post-Fordism

Answer 21

argue that work today is drastically different from work in the past

Question 22

neo-Fordism

Answer 22

recognizes that today globalization and information technology have changed the work people do and the places where they do it, however, work continue to evolve along certain lines