Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

348 OB Exam 1 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Pregnancy is also known as ___
Lasts about how many weeks /days ?from her last menstrual period or from 266 from conception

A

Gestation
40 weeks or 280 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Maternal physiological adaptions affect all body systems and are attributed to the hormones of pregnancy and to mechanical pressures arising from the enlargement of the uterus

What do you think these adaptions do?

A

Protect woman’s normal physiologic functioning
Meet metabolic demands
Provide nurturing environment for fetal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormones help stimulate significant uterine growth in the first trimester ? (2)

A

Estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 3 things that help early uterine enlargment ?
Think about physical changes in the vagina, and muscles around it

A

Vascularity ( dilation of blood vessels )
- opening up the uterine
Hyperplasia ( new fibers )
- providing more support
Hypertrophy ( enlarged muscles )
- opening up for more space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

So of course, as the uterus is enlarging, it’s going to change shape and position

By __ weeks, the uterus is from non pregnant pear shape to what shape ; and becomes larger and more ovoid as the term contuines

A

12 weeks
Spherical or globular shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

During the first trimester typically women don’t show signs of pregnancy until 12 weeks have passed, in which we can see a little rise from the
___ into the ___

Take into account that this may differ for every woman however we can see the enraging uterus with tests

A

Pelvis into the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

As the uterus is growing, how can it be palpated ?

And during which weeks?

A

Above the symphysis pubis
12th-14th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the uterus has grown to the level of umbilicus by ____ it is nearly reaching the diploid process

A

20-22 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

As we come to the end of the pregnancy
( week 38-40 ) we will see a decrease in fundal height, why?

A

Because the fetus begins to descend into the pelvis ( also called lightening ) in order for birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does lightening mean?

A

When the fundal height decreases near the end of pregnancy in order for birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does lightening usually occur?

A

usually happens 2 weeks before labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

As the uterus enlarges, most organs are going to be displaced, an example of this is how the intestine will move to either side of the abdomen.

However the biggest thing to note is that when a pregnant woman is standing, most of uterus is resting against the abdominal wall, which means this alters her???

A

Center of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what weeks of gestation, does softening and compressibility of lower uterine segment occur?

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does hegar sign mean and when does it occur?

A

Softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The hegar signs results in what for woman?

A

Urinary frequency because the uterine fundus pressures on the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When do women typically feel the Braxton hicks?

A

4th month of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Braxton hicks contractions function?

A

Enhance blood flow through the intervillous spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are braxton hicks contractions painful?
And how do you relieve?

A

No
Walking & exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Placental perfusion is all dependent on the mother blood flow to the uterus.

So what factors do you think would decrease this blood flow (3)

A

Low maternal arterial pressure
Uterine contractions
Maternal supine position
( laying on back )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a hormone that can help promote this placental perfusion that is dependent on the mother for the baby?

A

Estrogen!!!
( this helps with baby growth!!! )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a machine we use to measure uterine blood flow velocity?

A

Doppler ultrasound!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a uterine soufflé or bruit?

A

Rushing or blowing sound of maternal blood flowing through uterine arteries that is synchronous to the maternal pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the funic soufflé ?

A

Fetal heart rate or fetus heartbeat!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a Ballottement ?

A

Passive movement of unengaged fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When can you examine for Ballottement?

A

Weeks 16-18 of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How can you palpate for a Ballottement?

A

Place finger inside vagina, pressure upwards on ther cervix, baby will rise & then drop back on the finger and its a gentle tap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is quickening?

A

The first recognition of fetal movements ( flutter )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When is quickening occurring ?

A

14-16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Do you contuine to feel quickening as you progress pregnancy?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The cervix changes from a firm non distensible structure during pregnancy to highly elastic and soft why?

A

Preparing for labor or birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In a normal unscarred cervix we can see the softening of the cervix at what week?

What is this sign called?

A

6th

Goodell sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The glands near the cervix making it velvety in appearance can be easily damaged by deep penetration or examination and results in the term?

A

Friability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When pregnant you have an increase in mucus resulting in?
Which is?

A

Operculum

Protects the uterus from bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ovulation of pregnancy doesn’t occur because of?

A

Estrogen and progesterone stopping the FSH hormone and LH

35
Q

Where is estrogen and progesterone made before the placenta takes over?

A

Corpus luteum
( first 6-10 weeks )

36
Q

What does amenorrhea mean?

A

Menstrual period cease

37
Q

What is the Chadwick sign & when ?

A

Violet blue of vaginal mucosa & cervix

6-8 weeks

38
Q

Vaginal discharge increased during pregnancy & releases this white gray with odor called?

A

Leukorrhea

39
Q

Since muscus in the vagina are there to help remove bacteria infections, it’s unfortunate enough that glucose is high during pregnancy, which woman more at risk for?

A

Candidiasis

40
Q

Which does estrogen and progesterone function for in the breast?

Growth of the breast
Proliferation of lacticerous ( milk ducts )

A

Estrogen - milk
Progesterone - growth

41
Q

Are you able to breastfeed during pregnancy? Why or why not?

A

No because while the development is done, lactation needs to wait until progesterone levels decrease after birth to lactate

42
Q

What are the 3 functions of estrogen?

A

Suppressing FSH & LH ( stop menstrual )

Growth fetal organs

Maternal growth ( breast & urterus )

43
Q

Estrogen suppressing the FSH and LH causes the anterior pituitary gland to increase the thyroid gland.
Meanings it increasing what two things?

A

Metabolism & appetite

44
Q

Just to review where does progesterone and estrogen come from before the growth of the placenta of week 12?

A

Corpus luteum

45
Q

What does striae mean?

A

Stretch marks

46
Q

Do we have high blood pressure in pregnancy? Why?

A

No
Because progesterone relaxes smooth muscles, meaning it dilates in order to pump blood

47
Q

How much blood flow is increased in a pregnant woman?

A

40-50%

48
Q

What is a very dangerous syndrome that woman can get if they lay on there back?

A

Supine postural hypotensive syndrome

49
Q

What is supine postural hypotensive syndrome?

A

Where the uterus pushes so much pressure on the inferior vena cava ( which runs from the back to the top )
That it lowers the blood pressure even more

Uterus pressure - > no good blood flow - > hurt the baby

50
Q

How do you resolve supine postural hypotensive syndrome?

A

Lay on your left side
( since the heart moves left a little due to uterus pressure )

51
Q

Since estrogen is helping growth the breast and the utreus, what is it going to do when it compresses the pelvic blood vessels ?

A

Cause varicose veins because lack of venous return

52
Q

The uterus is also pushing up on the diaphragm making it hard to breathe and on the stomach causing GERD & heart burn, but what happens later on that causes further complications near Labor Day?

A

Drops down and drops on bladder ; making peeing more frequent

53
Q

Since the lungs are requiring more oxygen, the progesterone is telling the body to breathe more but that results in more CO2, so the way our body regulates that is through the secretion of?

When this is secretion it either makes the blood (2)?

A

Bicarbonate

Normal or alkolydic ( basic )

54
Q

Since our blood flow and GFR are causing more peeing to occur, pregnant woman are more prone to?

( because of the stasis and enlargment of the urine and uterus )

A

UTI or pyelonephritis
( kidney infection, flank pain )

55
Q

How much weight does a pregnant women normally gain?

A

25-35 pounds

Blood volume - 4 pounds
Fat - 3-10 pounds
Fetus - 7-8 pounds
Placenta 6 pounds
Breast 3-4 pounds

56
Q

___weeks can be palpated above symphysis

___weeks level of umbilicus

___ fungal height = weeks pregnant

___weeks fundal height will drop

A

12-14 weeks

20-22 weeks

24 weeks
( so 24cm height should match 24 weeks )

38-40 weeks

57
Q

What is lightening ?

Multip ( more pregnant ) - start of labor

Primip ( first baby ) - 2 weeks prior of labor

A

Fundal height decreases at 38 weeks and drops down to prepare for delivery

58
Q

What is hegar sign?
When is hegar sign?

A

Softening of lower uterine segment of often feels like the uterus and cervix
( feels like two things if you were doing an exam )
Before the goodell sign

6 weeks

59
Q

What is Ballottement ?
And when ?

A

Passive movement of unegaged fetus
16-18 weeks

60
Q

What is quickening ?
When is it?

A

First feeling of fetal movement
14-16 weeks

61
Q

What is goodell sign?
When is this?

A

Softening of cervical tip
6th week

62
Q

What is Chadwick sign
And when?

A

Violet blue color of vaginal mucosa
6-8 weeks

63
Q

What is physiologic anemia of pregnancy?

A

Plasma volume increases more quickly than red cell mass

( not true anemia, this is because we increase mom blood flow with so much blood, that we have diluted the RBC, giving this fake illusion of anemia )

64
Q

What is presumptive signs ? (6)
This is felt by mom

A

Breast changes
Amenorrhea
Nausea
Urinary frequency
Fatigue
Quickening

65
Q

Presumptive signs anagram

A

BAN
UF(C)Q

66
Q

What is probable signs
( examiner feels this might be pregnant ) (6)

A

Goodell sign - softening of uterine
Chadwick sign - blue on cervix
Hegar sign - separation of urteus & cervix
Positive pregnancy test
Braxton hicks contractions
Ballottement

67
Q

Probable signs anagram

A

Good
Chad
Hates
Positive
Brax
Ball

68
Q

What is positive signs ? (3)
( 100% pregnant )

A

Ultrasound & x ray
Fetal heart tones
Fetal movement/visual by examiner
(PALPATED BY EXAMINER )

69
Q

Why is positive pregnancy test a probable sign and not positive?

A

Because a false positive can be from like cancer

70
Q

Notes
HCG - maintains corpus luteum production of estrogen and progesterone until placenta takes over ( week 10 )

Progesterone
- main hormone to maintain the pregnancy
- suppress FSH & LH
- relaxing smooth muscles & descrease uterine contractility
- fat deposits in subcutaneous tissue

Estrogen
- suppress FSH & LH
- promotes fetal growth
- promotes enlargment of breast
- increase vascularity
- relaxes pelvic ligaments and joints

A
71
Q

Blood volume increased by how much?

Cardic output increased what ?

Because of the increase blood volume and the progesterone rexlaxes the smooth muscles, this causes low blood pressure in the first-second trimester

A

40-50%

30-50% during pregnancy

72
Q

Post patrum mothers and pregnant moms Are in this state of hypercoagulable state meaning?

A

More prone to blood clots

73
Q

Maternal oxygen consumption increases by?

A

20-40%

74
Q

The chest breathing replaces abdominal breathing because of?

A

The displacement of the diaphragm
And it causes SOB

75
Q

You want to be careful with mothers respiratory since they do have SOB however we always want to provide and encourage breathing since pregnancy is always in a state of

A

Respiratory alkalosis

76
Q

Hyperpigmentation is a very common sign of condition in pregnancy and it’s caused by the APH ____

A

Melanotropin

77
Q

Melanotropin can increase
Melasma?/chloasma ?
Linea nigra?
Straie gravidarum ?
Angiomatas?
Palmar erythema?
Pruritus gravidarum?

A

Face mask, black marks on face
Black line on stomach
Stretch marks
Red raised areas
Red hands
Increased Itching
( terribly during pregnancy ) ^^

78
Q

Nausea and vomitting will peak at what week?

A

9 weeks

79
Q

What is pica ?

A

No food cravings

80
Q

What is ptyalism?

A

Excessive salivation

81
Q

What is pyrosis?

A

Heartburn

82
Q

You’ll have an increase total body water of __ by term

A

6.5-8.5L

83
Q

Mothers will have lordosis meaning?

A

Bump first and back is bent

84
Q

Headaches are common in pregnancy
What’s the difference?

A

If headaches aren’t relieved by medication then it’s more serious

348 OB Exam 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions