chapter 13 Flashcards
social dilemma
when an individual can profit rom selfishness unless everyone chooses the selfish alternative, in which case the whole group loses
The prisoners dilemma
a way to look at social dilemma by using a “cooperative or testify” agasint your partner
Tragedy of the commons
when there is a good (free) common thing, it ends up running out due to selfish needs
replenishing resource mangement dilemma
group members share a renewable resource that will continue to produce benefits if group members do not over harvest it
public good dilemma
whole group can benefit if some of the individuals give something for the common good
social loafing
phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when working alone
social trap
individual or group is drawn toward immediate rewards that later prove to have unpleasant or lethal consequences
why do social traps work?
ignorance of long-term consequnces
- great rewards in short term
- costs not obvious until mich later
sliding reinforcer
when a reward is given in a small doses but punishments are large
egoistic orientation
egoistic: fewer/only siblings
prosocial orientation
prosocial: more (older) siblings, become this with age
altruists
value group benfits, make personal sacrifices
- motivated to help others, most cooperative
cooperators
working together to maximize group benefits
- “all for one, one for all”
individualists
motivated to maximize their own rewards, regardless of harming others
competitors
self interest driven from whats at their own personal stake
- they just want to win, nothing else matters
descriptive norms
“everybodys doing it”
- ppl adjust their own cooperativeness to match the rest rest of the group
-just beleiving other people are doing it, youll prob do it too
-communnication increases cooperation between group mem
injunctive norms
“doing the right thing”
-influence people to act more or less selfishness
- commitment, reciprocity, fairness, social responsibility
- influences on level of cooperation
