chapter 13

Question 1

social dilemma

Answer 1

when an individual can profit rom selfishness unless everyone chooses the selfish alternative, in which case the whole group loses

Question 2

The prisoners dilemma

Answer 2

a way to look at social dilemma by using a “cooperative or testify” agasint your partner

Question 3

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 3

when there is a good (free) common thing, it ends up running out due to selfish needs

Question 4

replenishing resource mangement dilemma

Answer 4

group members share a renewable resource that will continue to produce benefits if group members do not over harvest it

Question 5

public good dilemma

Answer 5

whole group can benefit if some of the individuals give something for the common good

Question 6

social loafing

Answer 6

phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when working alone

Question 7

social trap

Answer 7

individual or group is drawn toward immediate rewards that later prove to have unpleasant or lethal consequences

Question 8

why do social traps work?

Answer 8

ignorance of long-term consequnces
- great rewards in short term
- costs not obvious until mich later

Question 9

sliding reinforcer

Answer 9

when a reward is given in a small doses but punishments are large

Question 10

egoistic orientation

Answer 10

egoistic: fewer/only siblings

Question 11

prosocial orientation

Answer 11

prosocial: more (older) siblings, become this with age

Question 12

altruists

Answer 12

value group benfits, make personal sacrifices
- motivated to help others, most cooperative

Question 13

cooperators

Answer 13

working together to maximize group benefits
- “all for one, one for all”

Question 14

individualists

Answer 14

motivated to maximize their own rewards, regardless of harming others

Question 15

competitors

Answer 15

self interest driven from whats at their own personal stake
- they just want to win, nothing else matters

Question 16

descriptive norms

Answer 16

“everybodys doing it”
- ppl adjust their own cooperativeness to match the rest rest of the group
-just beleiving other people are doing it, youll prob do it too
-communnication increases cooperation between group mem

Question 17

injunctive norms

Answer 17

“doing the right thing”
-influence people to act more or less selfishness
- commitment, reciprocity, fairness, social responsibility
- influences on level of cooperation