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NU 330 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

transition to parenthood is defined as

A

dynamic developmental process from the knowledge that a person is pregnant and continues throughout the postpartum period

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2
Q

what are some challenges to transitioning to parenthood

A
  • increase stress r/t learning the role of mother or father
  • decrease satisfaction within couple relationship
  • decrease in sexual activities
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3
Q

factors that affect the transition to parenthood

A
  • previous life experiences
  • how they were parented
  • length and strength of relationship of partners
  • financial considerations
  • educational level
  • support systems
  • desire to parent
  • age of parents
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4
Q

parental roles ___ and ___ over time

A

evolve and change

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5
Q

when does the parental role process start?

A

during pregnancy
- through written information: books

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6
Q

what are the expectations and responsibilities of the parental role?

A
  • expectations: other will acknowledge the person as being a parent; the child will obey the parents
  • parents will love and protect their child
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7
Q

nursing actions: parental roles

A
  • provide an environment for rest
  • culturally sensitive
  • active listening
  • education
  • positive feedback
  • community resources
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8
Q

what/when is the first stage in Mercer’s “becoming a mother”

A
  1. commitment, attachment, preparation for an infant
    - during pregnancy
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9
Q

what/when is the second stage in Mercer’s “becoming a mother”

A
  1. acquaintance with and increasing attachment to the infant, learning how to care for the infant, and physical restoration
    - during the early weeks after birth
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10
Q

what/when is the third stage in Mercer’s “becoming a mother”

A
  1. moving toward a new normal
    - during the first 4 months
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11
Q

what/when is the fourth stage in Mercer’s “becoming a mother”

A
  1. achievement of maternal identity
    - around 4 months
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12
Q

becoming a mother is influenced by:

A
  • how the woman was parented
  • life experiences
  • cultural beliefs
  • unique characteristics
  • pregnancy experiences
  • birth experience
  • willingness to be a mother
  • infant characteristics
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13
Q

nursing actions: motherhood

A
  • review prenatal records
  • assess stages of “becoming a mother”
  • provide rooming-in or couplet care
  • provide comfort measures
  • listen to concerns
  • provide information/educate
  • positive reinforcement
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14
Q

what does “couplet care” mean?

A

taking care of both mom and baby

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15
Q

what does “rooming-in” mean?

A

keeping baby in the same room as mom as much as possible
- for example, not sending baby to nursery at night unless medically necessary
- this helps mom learn baby’s cues: hunger, tired, attention, etc.

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16
Q

what are Rubin’s 3 phases of motherhood?

A
  • taking-in phase
  • taking-hold phase
  • letting-go phase
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17
Q

taking-in phase

A
  • first 24 hours
  • woman focusing on her comfort and physical changes
  • reliving and talking about birth experience
  • dependency on others for her and infant needs
  • decreased ability to make decisions
  • concentration on personal healing
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18
Q

taking-hold phase

A
  • 24-48 hours through first weeks
  • focus on infant
  • independent
  • interested in infant cues and needs
  • gives up pregnancy role and moves toward maternal role
  • eager to learn
  • inadequacy and overwhelmed feelings
  • baby blues
  • more of outside world in
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19
Q

letting-go phase

A
  • fluid with the taking-hold phase
  • grieving and letting go of old relationship behaviors in favor of new
  • accepting the infant as s/he is
  • giving up fantasy of what would/could have been
  • independent- goes back to work/school
  • guilt, grief, anxiety
  • reconnection/growth in relationship with partner
20
Q

factors that affect the transition process between maternal phases

A
  • medication
  • complications of pregnancy, labor, birth
  • c/s
  • pain
  • PT infants/complications
  • mood disorders
  • finances
  • culture
21
Q

nursing actions: transitioning to/going through phases of motherhood

A
  • review prenatal and labor factors
  • maternal phases
  • comfort
  • teaching
22
Q

the meaning of “father” is based on what?

A

a man’s interpretation of the role and its expectations and responsibilities

23
Q

factors that affect a father’s interpretation of the role

A
  • how he was fathered
  • how culture defines his role
  • friends, family, and his partner
24
Q

a man’s partner has a major influence on ___

A

the degree of the man’s involvement in the infant and child’s care

25
Q

nursing actions: fatherhood

A
  • provide information
  • demonstrate infant care
  • positive reinforcement
  • encourage open communication
  • facilitate discussion
26
Q

adolescent parents

A

take on the role of mother/father while working through the developmental tasks of a teenager

27
Q

who do adolescent mothers/fathers tend to live with?

A

mothers: tend to live with her parents and child after birth
fathers: tend to not live with the mother and child

28
Q

nursing actions: adolescent parents

A
  • assess level of knowledge
  • present information at age appropriate level
  • include father in infant care teaching
  • involve grandparents in teaching
  • involve father in care based on mother’s comfort level
29
Q

how do same-sex parents conceive?

A
  • surrogacy
30
Q

what are some questions to ask a lesbian couple who wants to conceive?

A
  • who will be the biological mother?
  • who will carry the infant?
31
Q

same-sex parents have ____ discussions about expectations and parenting philosophies

A

they have the same as opposite-sex parents

32
Q

nursing actions: same-sex parents

A
  • self assessment of nurse’s attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge
  • assess couple knowledge of infant care and parenting
  • include both parents in teaching sessions
  • clarify who will be breastfeeding
33
Q

bonding is defined as

A

emotions unidirectional from parent to infant

34
Q

attachment is defined as

A

biodirectional emotional connection that forms between the infant and his/her parents

35
Q

factors that influence bonding and attachment:

A
  • time
  • proximity of parent and infant
  • planned/wanted pregnancy
  • ability to process the developmental tasks needed
36
Q

risk factors for delayed bonding/attachment:

A
  • maternal illness
  • neonatal illness
  • prolonged/complicated labor
  • fatigue
  • pain
  • age and development of the woman (younger parents)
  • outside stressors: i.e. COVID, Hurricanes
37
Q

nursing actions: bonding and attachment

A
  • review prenatals
  • assess for risk factors
  • culture beliefs
  • assess bonding and attachment between parents and infant
  • education
  • instruct parents on responsiveness to infant cues
  • promote bonding and attachment
38
Q

maternal touch: intial stage

A

touches tentatively with fingertips

39
Q

maternal touch: second stage

A

uses her hand to stroke her infants head or body

40
Q

maternal touch: final stage

A

mother holds infant in her arms and brings her infant close to the body

41
Q

infant cues include:

A
  • crying
  • cooing
  • facial expressions
  • smelling
  • eye movements
  • cuddling
  • arm and leg movements
  • entrainment
42
Q

family dynamics

A

many different compositions of families
- co-parenting
- multiparas
- sibling rivalry

43
Q

sensory impariments

A
  • loss of vision
  • loss of hearing: might want a cochlear implant or not
44
Q

physical impairments

A
  • mobility challenges
45
Q

what/when is postpartum/baby blues?

A

woman can still take care of herself and her infant
- occurs the first weeks to days

46
Q

s/sx of postpartum blues

A
  • anger
  • anxiety
  • mood swings
  • sadness
  • crying
  • difficulty sleeping
  • difficulty eating

NU 330 (18 decks)

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