Chapter 12 waves Flashcards
What is temperature?
“Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.”
What is thermal equilibrium?
“Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects are at the same temperature and there is no net flow of heat between them.”
What is the definition of internal energy?
“Internal energy is the total energy contained within a system
What is the specific heat capacity?
“The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.”
What is the equation for heat transfer due to a change in temperature?
“Q = mcΔT where Q is heat energy
What is the specific latent heat?
“The specific latent heat is the amount of heat energy required to change the state of one kilogram of a substance without changing its temperature.”
What is the equation for heat transfer during a phase change?
“Q = mL where Q is heat energy
What is the difference between latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization?
“Latent heat of fusion is the heat energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
“The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.”
What is the equation for the first law of thermodynamics?
“ΔU = Q - W where ΔU is the change in internal energy
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
“The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.”
What is entropy?
“Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.”
What is the relationship between temperature and entropy?
“As the temperature of a system increases
What is the ideal gas equation?
“The ideal gas equation is PV = nRT
What is the equation for work done by an ideal gas?
“W = PΔV
What is the kinetic theory of gases?
“The kinetic theory of gases states that gas particles are in constant random motion and collide with each other and the walls of the container
What is Boyle’s law?
“Boyle’s law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature (P ∝ 1/V).”
What is Charles’s law?
“Charles’s law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure (V ∝ T).”
What is the relationship between pressure and temperature in an ideal gas?
“For an ideal gas
What is the definition of an isothermal process?
“An isothermal process is one in which the temperature of the system remains constant.”
What is the definition of an adiabatic process?
“An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.”
