Chapter 12 - unsure if on exam 2

Question 1

Define attachment style

Answer 1

The degree of security experienced in interpersonal relationships

Question 2

Define communal relationship

Answer 2

A relationship in which partners expect mutual responsiveness to one another’s needs

Question 3

Define companionate love

Answer 3

The affection we feel for people with whom our lives are deeply intertwined

Question 4

Define dismissive attachment style

Answer 4

A conflicted, insecure attachment style characterized by high self-esteem and low interpersonal trust

Question 5

Define equity theory

Answer 5

The theory that relationships are most satisfying when the ratio between benefits and contributions is similar for both partners

Question 6

Define exchange relationship

Answer 6

A relationship in which partners expect strict reciprocity

Question 7

Define excitation transfer

Answer 7

The process by which arousal from one stimulus can be transferred to the second stimulus (a person)

Question 8

Define fearful-avoidant attachment style

Answer 8

The most insecure of the attachment styles, characterized by low self-esteem and low interpersonal trust

Question 9

Define interpersonal trust

Answer 9

Involves the belief that people are generally trustworthy and dependable and is the attitude that underlies the development of attachment styles

Question 10

Define investment

Answer 10

Those resources that have been devoted to a relationship that cannot be retrieved

Question 11

Define matching hypothesis

Answer 11

The hypothesis that people are more likely to form longstanding relationships with others whose social attitudes match theirs and with those who are similar in physical attractiveness

Question 12

Define mere exposure

Answer 12

The hypothesis that the mere repeated exposure of an individual to a stimulus enough for an increase in favorable response to that stimulus

Question 13

Define need for affiliation

Answer 13

The desire to establish and maintain rewarding interpersonal relationships

Question 14

Define negative attributional style

Answer 14

Occurs when a person explains their partner’s behaviors in negative ways

Question 15

Define passionate love

Answer 15

A state of intense longing for union with another

Question 16

Define preoccupied attachment style

Answer 16

A conflicted, insecure attachment style characterized by low self-esteem and high interpersonal trust

Question 17

Define proportion of similarity

Answer 17

An equation that divides the number of topics on which two people express similar views by the total number of topics on which they have communicated, resulting in a prediction of attraction

Question 18

Define reciprocity

Answer 18

The exchange of what we receive for what we get, which can include liking those who like us back

Question 19

Define repulsion hypothesis

Answer 19

States that similarity doesn’t actually have any effect on attraction

Question 20

Define secure attachment style

Answer 20

The most successful of the attachment styles, characterized by high self-esteem and high interpersonal trust

Question 21

Define social exchange theory

Answer 21

An economic model of human behavior in which people make decisions based on maximizing benefits and minimizing costs in relationships

Question 22

Define triangular theory of love

Answer 22

Robert Sternberg’s theory that love is made of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment

Question 23

The hypothesis that repeated contact with a stimulus is enough for an increase in favorable response is called ______

a. mere exposure
b. proximity
c. interaction
d. attachment

Answer 23

a. mere exposure

Question 24

Studies of the concept of physical attractiveness across cultures have found that

a. people from asian countries tend to favor smaller features
b. collectivist cultures place very little emphasis on physical attractiveness
c. there’s very little difference in what’s considered physically attractive by people from different cultures
d. people from the US tend to favor large eyes and prominent cheekbones

Answer 24

c. there’s very little difference in what’s considered physically attractive by people from different cultures

Question 25

According to evolutionary psychologists

a. men seek out physically attractive mates while women seek mates with access to resources
b. there is really no difference in what men and women want
c. women seek out younger mates while age isn’t a factor to men
d. women seek out mates who are physically attractive, but men value youth above all

Answer 25

a. men seek out physically attractive mates while women seek mates with access to resources

Question 26

Interaction between parents and their infants is encouraged by the release of:

a. melatonin
b. oxytocin
c. adrenaline
d. estrogen

Answer 26

b. oxytocin

Question 27

Which attachment style results from low self-esteem paired with high interpersonal trust?

a. secure attachment style
b. fearful-avoidant attachment style
c. preoccupied attachment style
d. dismissive attachment style

Answer 27

c. preoccupied attachment style

Question 28

What attachment style results from high self-esteem paired with low interpersonal trust?

a. secure attachment style
b. fearful-avoidant attachment style
c. preoccupied attachment style
d. dismissive attachment style

Answer 28

d. dismissive attachment style

Question 29

The type of love often seen in long-term relationships and characterized by stability and calm is called:

a. passionate love
b. comfortable love
c. companionate love
d. real love

Answer 29

c. companionate love

Question 30

Robert Sternberg’s triangular theory of love describes the relationship between:

a. intimacy, loneliness, and passion
b. intimacy, passion, and commitment
c. commitment, loneliness, and attractiveness
d. commitment, passion, and loyalty

Answer 30

b. intimacy, passion, and commitment

Question 31

One of the “Four Horsemen,” stonewalling involves:

a. emotional withdrawal
b. acting as if you’re repulsed by your partner
c. ignoring everything your partner says
d. complaining about your partner

Answer 31

a. emotional withdrawal

Question 32

When one explains his or her partner’s behavior in a negative way, they’re showing evidence of:

a. criticism
b. denial
c. contempt
d. negative attributional style

Answer 32

d. negative attributional style