Chapter 12: The Self Concept Theory Of Carl Rogers Flashcards
Define the humanistic phenomenological orientation
Places a high regard on the freedom and constructiveness of human nature and emphasize the person’s role as the architect of their own life.
What are the 3 central assumptions to which his theory is based?
Individual has constructive potential
Nature of individual is commonly goal directed.
Individual is capable of changing
He also emphasized the importance of a person’s subjective experience of themselves known as self concept and influence on personality
Define self concept
The perception people have of themselves and the value they attach to themselves.
What are the 3 structural elements of the personality
The organism which is the total individual with all their physical and psychological functions and central figure who interacts with dynamically changing world
The phenomenal field represents the totality of a person’s perception and experience which includes
Perception of objects or events outside the person and meaning attached to them
Inner experience and meanings that relate to the person
Self concept is the differentiated part of the phenomenal field that concerns the person themselves and is defined as a specific entity of a self that’s composed of self perception and perceptions of relationship with others and combined with values attached to them.
What is an ideal self
It is the view of the self that the individual would most like to have and provide valuable insight for growth and development as it reveals the characteristics and ideals that the individual strives towards.
What are the dynamics of the personality
the actualising tendency which It’s an inherent tendency of organisms to maintain themselves and to expand or grow in order to become what they can be
The need for positive regard
The need for positive self regard
Which regars to self concept what else must be given attention
Congruent functioning which is when the individuals self concept corresponds with their potential
Incongruent functioning is when the individuals self concept doesn’t correspond with their potential
The role that the self concept plays in perception and experience and it’s affect on behavior.
What is self actualising
Is used to refer to the actualisation of the self concept
Define actualisation
It is the realisation of potential
Distinguish between the need for positive regard from others and need for positive self regard
Need for positive regard from others concerns the human being basic needs for approval appreciation love admiration and respect
Need for positive self regard where people require esteem from others in order to esteem and feel positive about themselves.
What is congruence and what does it involve
It is when an individual’s self concept corresponds with their potential
Organismic experience: is the true experience of the individual the spontaneous uncensored immediacy of feelings needs and awareness.
Conditions of worth represents the values of others which the person includes in their self concept
What is incongruence and what does it involve
It is when the individuals self concept doesn’t correspond with their potential
How does Rogers define health
It is a state of congruence among organismic experience the spontaneous and uncensored immediacy of feelings needs and awareness
The symbolisation of that experience specifically into self concept
Communication of events
If experience and symbolism are in conflict then pathological consequences are personal. If experience and symbolism conflict with expression of experience then pathological consequences are social.
Incongruence has consequences of a personal nature and social nature. Personal incongruence is between organismic experience and self concept.
Social incongruence occurs where organismic experience symbolised in self concept but can’t be expressed or communicated
How does people deal with real life experiences
They ignore
Symbolise meaning allow them into consciousness or
refuse to symbolise by preventing them from reaching consciousness
Individual needs and self concept determine which possibilities is most appropriate
What are the 2 key elements in development of self concept and in turn personality
Unconditional positive regard which is accepting people for who they are just as they are. Self concept is free to include all their experiences and there’s congruence between their potential and self concept which no limitations imposed.
It leads to complete actualisation of potential and allows individuals to realise all innate abilities.
Conditional positive regard is the accepting of people only when they fulfill certain conditions
How is optimal development obtained
The wider the spectrum of experience available to people and the more integrated these experiences are in the self concept the better they will know themselves and be able to use their abilities and talents choose constructive action and realize their potential fully which is regarded as fully functioning individuals.
What are the characteristics of a fully functioning individual
Open to experience
A tendency to live each moment fully
Organismic trust
Freedom of choice
Creativity
Trusted to act positively and constructively
Rich full and exciting lives
What is Rogers view of psychopathology
He believes that the incongruent person can never function ideally and can malfunction.
Incongruence brings about tension
When incongruent experience on unconscious level is experienced by subception it threatens self concept causing anxiety which is the emotional ( affective) response to threat of self concept.
Comment on the defense mechanism according to Rogers
DM used to protect self concept which are
Distortion where incongruent experience is distorted to fit the self concept so it remains intact and isn’t disorganised.
Denial is the process whereby experience that aren’t congruent with self concept are simply ignored and excluded from consciousness
What is person centered therapy
Emphasis on quality of relationship between client and therapist
Who acts as facilitator and create atmosphere of unconditional positive regard warmth and empathy in which client feels free and safe to allow change and strive towards congruence and actualisation of potential
What 3 elements must the therapeutic climate include to foster growth
Sincerety or congruence of therapist
Therapist attitude of unconditional acceptance or caring
Therapist must understand with empathy
Also a proposed spiritual dimension
What conditions are important for meaningful learning to take place
Pupils should be in an open accepting atmosphere where they can explore problems of value and meaning to them
Teachers shouldn’t force feelings on others but be sensitive and sympathetic
Teachers should approach students with warmth and acceptance unconditionally and empathize with their fears expectations and disappointment
Teachers should place themselves and knowledge at the disposal of students offering range of sources and materials
