Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Flashcards
3 types of cell division
- Binary fission (bacteria)
- Mitosis (eukaryotes)
- Meiosis (Sperms and eggs)
What is genome
All DNA in a cell
Purpose of cell division
- Development from a fertilized egg
- Growth
- Repair
What shape of chromosomes do mitochondria and chloroplasts have?
Circular chromosomes like prokaryotes.
Structure of a eukaryotic chromosome
- Telomere (The top)
- Centromere
- Arm
- Kinetochore (protein complex)
Before cell divides, what does it do?
- DNA replication or dna synthesis
3 types of cells in multicellular organism (eukaryotes)
- Somatic cell
- Germ cell
- Gametes
General diagram of a cell cycle
- Interphase
- M phase
What happens in interphase
- G1 + S phase + G2 (DNA replications and preparation for cell division)
What happens in M phase
- Mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis stages
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What are spindle fibers made of
- Microtubules and proteins
What is the structure that spindle fibers grow out of
- Centrosome
How do spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
- They attach to the kinetochore of chromosomes.
What types of cell are diploid
- Somatic cell (2N), nonreproductive
What types of cell are haploid (monoploid)
- Gametes (egg and sperms)
- Germ Cell.
Diagram of mitosis
Blank
Difference of cytokinesis between animal cell and plant cell.
- Animal cell: cleavage furrow seperates cell
- Plant cell: Cell plate separates cell
Which phase in mitosis has the shortest amount of time
Anaphase, just last few mins
