Chapter 12 Stress Flashcards
3 Approaches to Stress
Stressors as a Stimuli
Stress as a Transaction
Stress as a Response
2 Ways to Measure Stress
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Hassles Scale
Who coined the SRRS
David Holmes
Limitations to the SRRS (4)
Interpretation
Coping
Accuracy of Recall
Some events are consequences rather than causes
What are the 3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Who coined the GAS?
Hans Selye
What happens during the Alarm phase of GAS
Limbic System activates
Anxiety symptoms
Stress hormone release
ANS activates
What is Eustress and Distress
Eustress is good stress which motivates and excites you
Distress discourages you
What are 2 main stress responses?
“Tend and Befriend” - Women/Oxytocin
PTSD- predicted by number of events, severity, duration, nearness, Lack of support.
What is social support and proactive coping?
Social support encompasses interpersonal relationships.
Proactive coping is where you prevent or minimize an anticipated stressful event.
What are the 5 control types?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Decisional
Informational
Emotional
Which control types Problem Focused, Emotion Focused, and Expression and Suppression?
PF - Behavioral
EF - Cognitive
E and S - Emotional Control
Whats a pro and a con to Catharsis
P - problem solving and effortful
C - helplessness. Distress about being distressed.
What is a major con to Crisis Debriefing?
It may in fact cause PTSD because it gets in the way of natural coping strategies.
What are 4 individual differences when coping with stress?
Hardiness
Optimism
Spirituality
Rumination
What is flexible coping?
Changing coping strategies as the situation changes
What is the immune system made up of ? (4)
Skin - blocks entry to antigens and pathogens
Phagocytes - engulf invader
Lymphocytes (T and B cells) - attach to virus and pop. Produce proteins to fight invaders.
Macrophages - wander through body and destroy antigens and dead tissue
What are Autoimmune Diseases?
When the immune system is overactive and begins fighting against organs in the body.
What is Pyschoneuroimmunology and an example?
The relationship between the immune system and the Central Nervous System. Colds and Stress.
What is the Biopsychosocial View of diseases?
Most medical conditions are neither all physical nor all psychological.
An interplay of genes and lifestyle, immunity, social support, everyday stressors, and self view.
What are Psychophysiological illnesses and gives 2 examples.
Illnesses where stress and emotions contribute.
Ulcers and Coronary Heart Disease.
What are 2 psychological characteristics that are associated with CHD?
Stress and Type A personality.
What does Psychosomatic mean?
a myth that beliefs and mental states were the root cause of ailments.
What is Health Psychology?
Integration of behavioral sciences with medicine.
What is Health Psychology made up of? (2)
Education and Psychological interventions.
What are 4 Behaviors that Promote Health?
1.Stop Smoking
2.Curb Alcohol Consumption
3.Achieve a Healthy Weight
4.Exercise
What are 3 reasons why change in lifestyle is hard?
1.Personal Inertia : stick to the status quo and what you know
2.Misestimating Risks : underestimate
3.Feeling Powerless : deeply ingrained personal habits
What are 3 ways to help with Prevention of an Unhealthy Lifestyle? When is it recommended you begin teaching it?
1.Psychoeducation around peer pressure and risks
2.Introduction to good role models
3.Effective coping skills
Adolescence or younger.
What are CAMs?
Complimentary and Alternative Medicines.
C - conventional medicine integrated with medical therapies that are outside the scope of conventional medicine like chiropractics
A - practices and products used in place of conventional medicine like acupuncture
What are 4 cons of CAMs?
1.Most herbal remedies are no better than placebo
2.Weak evidence for vitamins and supplements
3.May negatively interact with modern medicine
4.Been poorly regulated by Health Canada
What are 5 reasons why CAMs are believed to be effective?
1.Placebo
2.Could be conventional medicine if it was accompanied
3.Natural changes in symptoms
4.Misdiagnosis
5.Believed to have “no side effects”
What are 4 examples of CAMs?
1.Manipulative Methods - Chiropracty
2.Mind-Body Medicine - Biofeedback and Meditation
3.Energy Medicines - Acupuncture
4.Homeopathy
