Chapter 10

Question 1

Post Hoc Fallacy

Answer 1

Assuming A caused B because A came before B

Question 2

2 myths to avoid concerning Development

Answer 2

Infant Determinism : assumption that early experiences (0-3) are more influential that later experiences in shaping us as adults.

Childhood Fragility: the assumption that children are delicate and easily damaged.

Question 3

Intersections of Nature and Nurture

Answer 3

Gene-Environment Interactions: impact of genes on behavior depends on the environment in which the behavior develops

Nature via Nurture: genetic predispositions drive us to select a particular environment

Gene Expression: genes turn on only in response to specific events

Question 4

Prenatal Development

Answer 4

Germinal Stage
Embryonic Stage
Fetal Stage

Question 5

Brain Development

Answer 5

18 days after fertilization

Proliferation: neurones developing at astronomical rate, 18-6 months

Question 6

Obstacles to fetal development

Answer 6

Exposure: Teratogens FAS

Genetic Disorders

Prematurity: viability point- infants can survive on their own 25 weeks

Question 7

Motor Development

Answer 7

6 m: sitting without support
9 m: crawling
11 m: standing
12 m: cruising
13 m: walking without assistance
18-24 m: running

Question 8

3 ways cognitive development theories differ

Answer 8

Stage like - sudden spurts in knowledge
Continuous - gradual changes

Domain General - cross cutting changes in cognitive skills that affect most or all areas at once
Domain specific - develop independently and at different rates

Question 9

Piaget

Answer 9

• children are not miniature adults
  -children are active learns and not passive learners
  -Stage theorist

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

Absorbing new experiences into current schemas. They fit new experiences into what they already know

Question 11

Accommodation

Answer 11

Altering of a schema to be compatible with new experience

Question 12

Stages of Development Piaget

Answer 12

Sensorimotor: birth to 2
Preoperational: 2 to 7. Egocentrism
Concrete Operations: 7 to 11
Formal Operations: 11 to adulthood

Question 13

Erik Erikson model of human development

Answer 13

Infancy : Trust vs Mistrust
Toddlerhood: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Early Childhood: Initiative vs Guilt
Middle Childhood: Industry vs Inferiority
Adolescence: Identity vs Role confusion
Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs Isolation
Adulthood: Generativity vs Stagnation
Aging: Ego integrity vs Despair

Question 14

Kohlberg and Morality

Answer 14

Preconventional: a focus on punishment and reward
Conventional: focus on societal values
Postconventional: focus on internal moral principles that transcend society