Chapter 12 Sleep

Question 1

What part of the hypothalamus is related to sleep?

Answer 1

Suprachiasmatic nucleus- tiny cluster of 20,000 neurons

Question 2

what hormone is related to sleep?

Answer 2

Melatonin produced by the pineal gland and makes us feel sleepy

Question 3

What is a circadian rhythm?

Answer 3

Internal biological clock that regulates our sleep and wake cycle; sleep deprivation studies indicate it is a 25 hour cycle

Question 4

What is the difference between night owls and larks?

Answer 4

Circadian rhythm shifts with age, such that go from being night owls to morning-loving larks after about 20, although some people continue to be night owls
Larks perform better in school and are less d

Question 5

What does the repair and restoration theory argues is the main functions of sleep?

Answer 5

Sleeping is essential for revitalizing and restoring the physiological processes that keep the body and mind healthy and properly functioning

Question 6

What does information consolidation theory argues is the main functions of sleep?

Answer 6

Sleeping is essential to processing information that has been acquired throughout the day; helpful in laying down long-term memories.

Question 7

What stage of sleep is necessary for physiological restoration?

Answer 7

NonREM is responsible for physiological restoration

Question 8

What does the stress-reduction theory of dreaming argue is the function of sleep?

Answer 8

REM sleep and the vivid dreaming that accompanies it serves to dissipate strong emotions and reduce stress

Question 9

What are the two main stages of sleep

Answer 9

REM: rapid eye movement
NREM: non-rapid eye movement

Question 10

Know the major differences between slow-wave and REM sleep.

Answer 10

Slow-wave sleep: dreaming- more informational, less visual and auditory than REM
REM:: high-frequency brain waves (similar to waking) vivid dreaming

Question 11

When do parasomnias occur?

Answer 11

they occur during Slow-wave sleep

Question 12

What is the difference between primary sleep disorders and parasomnias?

Answer 12

Primary Sleep Disorders: associated with when or how much people sleep they affect 1 in 3 US adults
Parasomnias: abnormal movements, emotions, or perceptions during sleep; seem to be associated with slow-wave sleep and more common in childhood (e.g., sleep walking)

Question 13

Primary sleep disorders- Narcolepsia

Answer 13

Involuntary sleep during middle of day; unable to be awakened

hypersomnia: excessive day-time sleepiness
insomnia: inability to sleep; problems falling asleep, staying asleep, or only able to sleep lightly (1 in 10 adults; 1 in 4 older adults)

Question 14

Primary sleep disorders-Circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Answer 14

Inability to sleep and wake at regular times

Question 15

Primary sleep disorders-hypersomnia

Answer 15

Excessive day-time sleepiness

Question 16

Primary sleep disorders- Insomnia

Answer 16

Inability to sleep; problems falling asleep, staying asleep, or only able to sleep lightly (1 in 10 adults; 1 in 4 older adults)

Question 17

What is social jet lag and how does it explain problems of hypersomnia and insomnia?

Answer 17

Social jet lag: our body’s internal biological clock becoming out of sync because of demands of modern life. Work schedule. Use of lightbulbs, internet, smartphone, TV we spent time engaging in those activities.

Question 18

How much sleep do we lose because it per week?

Answer 18

About 1-2 hours a week

Question 19

What is the social predictor and personality predictors of insomnia?

Answer 19

Stress (social factor)- both work and home; specially if you react to it by ruminating (cognitive factor deeply thinking about something)
Perfectionism and hostility (personality factors)

Question 20

What is the minimum amount of sleep people must get?

Answer 20

Minimum amount: People cannot reduce sleep below 4.5 hours

Question 21

What is sleep debt and partial sleep loss?

Answer 21

Sleep debt: if lose a few nights of sleep, cannot make it up by one good night of sleep
Partial sleep loss: losing just an hour or two or night can be problematic as well.