Chapter 10- Physical Activity

Question 1

what is Physical exercise and Physical activity?

Answer 1

Physical exercise: any physical activity that maintains physical fitness and overall wellness.
Physical activity: any force exerted by skeletal muscles that result in ENERGY EXPENDITURE beyond resting. Cleaning
Dancing, Gardening and walking.

Question 2

What kinds of physical exercises are required for good health?

Answer 2

Aerobic exercises 
Anaerobic exercises (Muscle-strengthening)

Question 3

When is exercising problematic?

Answer 3

Exercise is largely a health-promoting behavior.

Can become problematic (physically or psychologically) if it becomes OBSESSIVE

Question 4

Whats the leading cause of Chronic disease?

Answer 4

Lack of physical activity is the LEADING CAUSE of chronic disease and death worldwide.

Question 5

Physical Benefits of Exercise

Answer 5

Increased life expectancy ranges from 1.8 to 4.7 years depending on: Your WEIGHT and your Level of activity. Reduces the likelihood of getting cancer and heart disease.

Question 6

Psychological benefits of exercise

Answer 6

Improves mood. Decreases negative moods such as depression and anxiety via increase in neurotransmitter- serotonin
Increases positive mood (hormones- endorphins)
Improves cognitive functions and decreases stress.

Question 7

Longitudinal studies on stress and physical activity

Answer 7

Research reveals that exercise and stress are inversely related. Class data from cross-sectional studies reports that Students who exercised more, reported lower perceived stress.

Question 8

Dose-response relationship

Answer 8

Dose-response relationship (more you exercise, the better your health or the longer your life expectancy)
In addition to its PREVENTATIVE benefits, physical activity can be helpful for people who already have a chronic disease.

Question 9

Relationship between SES and physical exercises

Answer 9

people with low SES exercise LESS than higher SES

Particularly with regard to fitness activities and team sports

Question 10

Why low SES individuals exercise less?

Answer 10

Lower SES individuals see physical activity as part of everyday work/home activities

Question 11

Demographic difference regarding sex and exercise

Answer 11

Gender differences: women exercise less than men but ONLY IN LOW SES individuals.
Recreational facilities: not as available to low SES women

Question 12

Why are girls less likely to engage in sports?

Answer 12

Lack of SUPPORT from family, school, and community (psychological and financial). Negative experiences in physical education. Social norms/ gender roles- sports are seen as incompatible with femininity

Question 13

What is anticipated regret?

Answer 13

How much regret one expects to feel if s/he DOES NOT engage in the behavior. Predictive of physical activity.

Question 14

Theory of Planned Behavior in regards to physical exercise?

Answer 14

This theory is highly predictive of physical activity. But attitudes are most predictive

Question 15

Transtheoretical Model regarding exercises

Answer 15

Movement through stages depends on 2 things:
DECISIONAL BALANCE: cognitive assessment of the pros and cons. Early stage exercisers focus on CONS, while later stage exercisers focus on PROS
SELF-EFFICACY; those in later stages have HIGH SE while those in early stages have LOW SES

Question 16

SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY regarding exercises

Answer 16

This theory is also highly predictive of exercise and that beginning exercisers focus on extrinsic motivators and later-stage focus on intrinsic motivators

Question 17

What is Built environment?

Answer 17

Built environment: the environment in which we live and work. is it safe?
Accessible stairs as alternative to elevators?
Ability to walk to shops or work ? Recreational facilities?

Question 18

Explain contingency contracting

Answer 18

Contingency contracting: it is specific , negotiated agreement that states the desired outcome and the positive reinforcements that one will receive upon completion (or negative consequences upon non-completion)