Chapter 12 - Shock

Question 1

afterload

Answer 1

the force or resistance which the heart pumps

Question 2

anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Question 3

anaphylaxis

Answer 3

an extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Question 4

aneurysm

Answer 4

a swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

Question 6

cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

Question 7

cardiogenic shock

Answer 7

a state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions

Question 8

compensated shock

Answer 8

the early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss

Question 9

cyanosis

Answer 9

a blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood

Question 10

decompensated shock

Answer 10

the late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

Question 11

dehydration

Answer 11

loss of water from the tissues in the body

Question 12

distributive shock

Answer 12

a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both

Question 13

edema

Answer 13

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

Question 14

homeostasis

Answer 14

a balance of all systems of the body

Question 15

hypothermia

Answer 15

a condition in which the internal body temp falls below 95 degrees

Question 16

hypovolemic shock

Answer 16

shock caused by fluid or blood loss

Question 17

myocardial contractility

Answer 17

the ability of the heart muscle to contract

Question 18

neurogenic shock

Answer 18

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

Question 19

obstructive shock

Answer 19

shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues

Question 20

perfusion

Answer 20

the flow of blood through body tissue and vessels

Question 21

pericardial effusion

Answer 21

a collective fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

Question 22

preload

Answer 22

the precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up

Question 23

psychogenic shock

Answer 23

shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)

Question 24

pulmonary embolism

Answer 24

a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

Question 25

pulse pressure

Answer 25

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

Question 26

sensitization

Answer 26

developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction

Question 27

septic shock

Answer 27

shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection

Question 28

shock

Answer 28

a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypofusion

Question 29

sphincters

Answer 29

circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening

Question 30

syncope

Answer 30

a fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness