Chapter 12 - Shock Flashcards
afterload
the force or resistance which the heart pumps
anaphylactic shock
severe shock caused by an allergic reaction
anaphylaxis
an extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
aneurysm
a swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall
autonomic nervous system
the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.
cardiac tamponade
compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output
cardiogenic shock
a state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions
compensated shock
the early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss
cyanosis
a blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood
decompensated shock
the late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling
dehydration
loss of water from the tissues in the body
distributive shock
a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both
edema
the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area
homeostasis
a balance of all systems of the body
hypothermia
a condition in which the internal body temp falls below 95 degrees
hypovolemic shock
shock caused by fluid or blood loss
myocardial contractility
the ability of the heart muscle to contract
neurogenic shock
circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries
obstructive shock
shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues
perfusion
the flow of blood through body tissue and vessels
pericardial effusion
a collective fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium
preload
the precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up
psychogenic shock
shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)
pulmonary embolism
a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow
pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
sensitization
developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction
septic shock
shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection
shock
a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypofusion
sphincters
circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening
syncope
a fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness
