Chapter 12 Section 3-Revolution in Russia Flashcards
What is an autocracy?
It is a government by one ruler with unlimited power.
What was the government and society like in Russia at the end of the 1800s?
Because their empire was so large, Russia’s czars ruled with absolute power, and controlled much of Russian life. Russians also had a more agricultural-based society.
What are serfs?
They were agricultural workers who were considered part of their land; very similar to slavery.
Who were the Decembrists?
They were a group of revolutionaries who rebelled against the government.
What was a result of the Decembrist revolt?
Nicholas I crushed it, and many of the revolutionaries were sent to Siberia.
What reforms did Czar Alexander I make to Russia?
He freed Russia’s serfs, and set up a new judicial system and re-organized the Army and Navy.
What was the fate of Czar Alexander II? Who succeeded him to the throne?
He was assasinated by a radical group, and Alexander III replaced him.
What were pogroms?
They were widespread violent attacks caused by the harsh rule of Alexander III.
What did Nicholas II attempt to do early in his reign?
He tried to expand Russia and industralize it more.
Who won the Russo-Japanese War? What was the result of this?
The Japanese won, and many Russiand called for change.
What is a socialist republic?
It is a society where there is no private property and everyone shares everything.
Who was Vladimir Lenin, and what did he call for?
He was a Marxist that called for revolutionaries to rebel against Russia.
What happened on Bloody Sunday?
While trying to bring a petition to a palace, a protest group was attacked by soldiers, killing hundreds.
What was the October Manifesto?
It was an actual promise for reform and a democratic government.
What was the Duma?
It was an elected assembly that got the privledge to approve the laws.
Who were the Bolsheviks, and who where they lead by?
They were a small Marxist group that sought to change life in Russia through revolution, and were lead by Vladimir Lenin.
Why did the Russians struggle in World War I?
Their equipment was outdated, and their military was not prepared to fight a major war.
Why did Alexandra probably rely heavily on the advice of Rasputin?
Her son, Alexis, had hemophilia, and whenever Rasputin was around, he would temporarily “cure” him.
Why was Rasputin’s involvement with the royal family an embarrassment?
He was seen as a psychopath, and loved to do “wild things.”
Unhappy citizens protested the lack of food and fuel in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) during the _________________________
February Revolution
What happened one week after the February Revolution?
Nicholas II is forced to abdicate, or step down from the throne.
Who was the provisional government lead by?
Alexander Kerensky
Why did Bolshevism become known as Marxism-Leninsm?
after the leader Vladimir Lenin
What group of people did the Bolsheviks want to gain power and rule Russia?
the proletariat
How did the February Revolution start?
Unhappy citizens protested the lack of food and fuel in Petrograd
Did the provisional government have Russia stop or continue fighting in World War I? How did the Russian people react to this decision?
They did, and this just grew the opposition to the government.
Which country helped Lenin return to Russia from exile? Why?
Germany, they wanted to see the Russian government change.
How did Lenin institute his Communist program in Russia?
He made private ownership of land illegal, giving this land to the peasants.
Who was Leon Trotsky?
He was a top Bolshevik official who was sent to negotiate peace with the Central Powers.
What treaty ended Russia’s involvement in the war?
the treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Why were the Bolsheviks criticized after they agreed to the treaty ending World War I?
The Russian empire had to give up huge parts because of the treaty.
Who won the Russian civil war? What was its impact?
the Communist Red Army; it lead to the death of millions of Russians
What was the New Economic Policy? Why did Lenin institute this policy?
It stated that peasants could sell their food at a profit; it was meant to increase food production.
What happened after Lenin died?
Stalin replaced Lenin
