Chapter 12 - Respiration

Question 1

What are the features of aerobic respiration

Answer 1

• Uses oxygen
• More efficient (more atp per molecule of glucose
• complete breakdown of glucose to form CO2
• Slow release of energy

Question 2

What are the features of anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

• Doesn’t use oxygen
• Less efficient
• Incomplete breakdown of glucose and therefore harmful waste products (lactic acidosis in animals and bacteria, ethanol in plants and yeast)
• Faster release of energy

Question 3

What are the processes in aerobic respiration

Answer 3

• Glycolysis
• Link reaction
• Krebs cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

What are the processes in anaerobic respiration

Answer 4

• Only glycolysis

Question 5

What is the equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 5

Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + water + energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + H2O + energy

Question 6

Where does glycolysis take place in aerobic respiration

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Also draw out glycolysis diagram and write out process

Question 7

Draw and write out process of link reaction

Answer 7

In folder

Question 8

Draw and write out process of Krebs cycle

Answer 8

In folder

Question 9

Draw and write out process of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 9

In folder

Question 10

Draw and write out process of glycolysis for anaerobic respiration

Answer 10

In folder

Question 11

What are the 2 reasons that anaerobic glycolysis is less efficient (produces less ATP) than aerobic

Answer 11

• Products (lactate and ethanol) have not totally respires, so still have chemical energy that hasn’t been used to make ATP
• There’s no oxygen as a final electron acceptor, so no link reaction, Krebs cycle or oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

Why is it that chemical energy is not necessarily wasted

Answer 12

It is possible to recycle lactate in to pyruvate so that pyruvate can be used again eg in Krebs cycle

Question 13

What is meant by a respiratory substrate

Answer 13

Any biological molecule that can be respired to release energy
Eg carbs lipids proteins

Question 14

Draw respiration equation for respiratory substrate

Answer 14

Respiratory substrate + O2 = H2O + CO2 + Energy

Question 15

In a respiration equation what is energy

Answer 15

ADP + Pi = ATP

Question 16

How is glucose broken down as a respiratory substrate

Answer 16

Glycolysis 
Link reaction
Produces acetyl coenzyme A
Used in Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

How are triglycerides and amino acids broken down as a respiratory substrate

Answer 17

Don’t have to know processes
Will then produce acetyl coenzyme A
Used in Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

What is the purpose of mitochondia

Answer 18

It is the site of aerobic respiration in a eukaryote

Question 19

Draw, label and write notes on mitochondria

Answer 19

• Mitochondrial loop of DNA
• Outer membrane
• Inner membrane
• Matrix - Site of kink reaction and Krebs cycle
• Cristae - Fold in inner membrane, to increase surface area for oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

What is the respiratory quotient

Answer 20

A value that is a measure of the ratio of carbon dioxide produced and oxygen consumed by an organism per unit of time

Question 21

What is the formula for the respiratory quotent

Answer 21

RQ per unit of time = Volume of CO2 produced/volume of oxygen consumed

Question 22

What is an example of a respiratory quotent equation

Answer 22

Aerobic respiration of glucose

6 CO2 are produced and 6 O2 are consumed, therefore RQ = 1

Question 23

What are the RQ values for glucose, fatty acids and proteins as respiratory substrates

Answer 23

Glucose = 1
Fatty acid = 0.7
Protein = 0.9