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Biology Year 2 > Chapter 11 - Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an organic compound

A

A compound that contains carbon

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2
Q

Give an example of an organic compound

A

CO2

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3
Q

What is an inorganic compound

A

A compound that does not contain carbon

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4
Q

What is an example of an inorganic compound

A

Phosphate

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5
Q

What are redox reactions

A

Reduction and oxidation reactions

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6
Q

What is the saying for redox reactions

A

OIL RIG

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7
Q

What does OIL RIG stand for

A 
Oxidation
Is 
Loss
Reduction
Is 
Gain
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8
Q

What does the loss/gain bit mean in OIL RIG

A

Loss or gain of electrons or hydrogen when the reaction takes place
The opposite will happen to oxygen

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9
Q

What are co-enzymes

A

Non-protein molecules that help enzymes work by transferring other molecules around

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10
Q

Examples of co-enzymes

A

NAD
NADP
FAD

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11
Q

What are the coenzymes when they have been reduced

A

NADH
NADPH
FADH

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12
Q

What is phosphorylation

A

The process of adding a phosphate

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13
Q

What is an example of phosphorylation

A

ADP+Pi=ATP

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14
Q

What is photophosphorylation

A

Using light energy to add a phosphate

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15
Q

What is photolysis

A

Using light energy to split a molecule

‘Lysis’ means split

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16
Q

What is an example of photolysis

A

Water+light=2H + 2e + 0.5O2

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17
Q

What is meant by the electron transport chain

A

The movement of electrons flowing through proteins (electron carriers) in a membrane

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18
Q

What is a proton

A

A hydrogen ion (H+)

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19
Q

What’s meant by the metabolic pathway

A

A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes

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20
Q

What is an example of a metabolic pathway

A

Photosynthesis

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21
Q

What is meant by hydrolysis

A

Using water to split a molecule

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22
Q

What is meant by decarboxylation

A

Removal of CO2 from a molecule

23
Q

What is meant by dehydrogenation

A

Removal of hydrogen from a molecule

24
Q

Write out the balanced equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O =(using light energy)= C6H12O6 + 6O2

25
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

26
Q

What is the light dependent reaction (LDR) also known as

A

Photophosphorylation

27
Q

What is the LDR

A

The process of using light energy to make ATP and reduced NADP (NADPH)

28
Q

What does the LDR take place

A

On the membrane of the thylakoid

29
Q

What does the LDR take place in the membrane of the thylakoid

A

There is a large surface area

30
Q

What other molecule is used in the LDR

A

Water

31
Q

What is the light independent reaction (LIR) also known as

A

Calvin cycle

32
Q

What does the light independent reaction do

A

Uses products of LDR (ATP and NADPH) to make useful organic compounds

33
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

A

The stroma

34
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

Organelle that absorbs light energy which is used for photosynthesis to make useful organic compounds

35
Q

What are characteristics of the thylakoid and what does it contain

A

High surface area so increases rate of photosynthesis

Contains photosynthetic pigments- chlorophyll a, b and carotene (site of LDR)

36
Q

What microorganelles are in the chloroplast

A 
Thylakoid
Grana
Lamellae 
Chloroplast DNA
Starch grain
Stroma
37
Q

What is a grana

A

A stack of thylakoids

38
Q

What do the lamellae do

A

Join up grana

39
Q

What is the stroma and what does it do

A

Similar to cytoplasm

Site of LIR

40
Q

What is special about starch grain

A

It is stored as starch and is Insoluble so therefore does not affect water potential

42
Q

Which photosystem comes first in LDR

A

PSII then PSI

43
Q

What is photoionisation

A

Process of using light energy to make an ion

44
Q

Recall the whole process of LDR

A

In folder

45
Q

What are the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis

A
  • Light intensity
  • CO2 concentration
  • Temperature
46
Q

How does light intensity impact photosynthesis

A

The higher the light intensity, the more energy there is for the LDR, so the faster the rate of photosynthesis

47
Q

How does the wavelength of light impact photosynthesis

A
  • Plants will absorb red and blue and reflect green lights, different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light causing a difference in colour
48
Q

How is light intensity used for agriculture

A

Overnight lighting or greenhouses which allow light in allow plants to absorb more light

49
Q

Draw a graph showing light intensity as the limiting factor

A

Paper

50
Q

When is CO2 most likely to be the limiting factor

A

During the day

51
Q

What is the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere

A

0.04%

52
Q

What is the optimum CO2 percentage for photosynthesis

A

0.4%

53
Q

How is CO2 used in agriculture

A

Burn fossil fuels in greenhouses to increase concentration

54
Q

How does temperature impact photosynthesis (2 ways)

A
  • Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes, as temp increases so does the rate of photosynthesis until the optimum, after the optimum the rate will decrease
  • High temperature can cause stomata to close, therefore a fall in CO2 so Calvin cycle can’t occur and rate of photosynthesis will fall
55
Q

How is temperature used in agriculture

A
  • Greenhouse traps warm air

- Heating and cooking systems to maintain optimum temp

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