Chapter 11 - Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is an organic compound
A compound that contains carbon
Give an example of an organic compound
CO2
What is an inorganic compound
A compound that does not contain carbon
What is an example of an inorganic compound
Phosphate
What are redox reactions
Reduction and oxidation reactions
What is the saying for redox reactions
OIL RIG
What does OIL RIG stand for
Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain
What does the loss/gain bit mean in OIL RIG
Loss or gain of electrons or hydrogen when the reaction takes place
The opposite will happen to oxygen
What are co-enzymes
Non-protein molecules that help enzymes work by transferring other molecules around
Examples of co-enzymes
NAD
NADP
FAD
What are the coenzymes when they have been reduced
NADH
NADPH
FADH
What is phosphorylation
The process of adding a phosphate
What is an example of phosphorylation
ADP+Pi=ATP
What is photophosphorylation
Using light energy to add a phosphate
What is photolysis
Using light energy to split a molecule
‘Lysis’ means split
What is an example of photolysis
Water+light=2H + 2e + 0.5O2
What is meant by the electron transport chain
The movement of electrons flowing through proteins (electron carriers) in a membrane
What is a proton
A hydrogen ion (H+)
What’s meant by the metabolic pathway
A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes
What is an example of a metabolic pathway
Photosynthesis
What is meant by hydrolysis
Using water to split a molecule
What is meant by decarboxylation
Removal of CO2 from a molecule
What is meant by dehydrogenation
Removal of hydrogen from a molecule
Write out the balanced equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O =(using light energy)= C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
What is the light dependent reaction (LDR) also known as
Photophosphorylation
What is the LDR
The process of using light energy to make ATP and reduced NADP (NADPH)
What does the LDR take place
On the membrane of the thylakoid
What does the LDR take place in the membrane of the thylakoid
There is a large surface area
What other molecule is used in the LDR
Water
What is the light independent reaction (LIR) also known as
Calvin cycle
What does the light independent reaction do
Uses products of LDR (ATP and NADPH) to make useful organic compounds
Where does the Calvin cycle take place
The stroma
What is a chloroplast
Organelle that absorbs light energy which is used for photosynthesis to make useful organic compounds
What are characteristics of the thylakoid and what does it contain
High surface area so increases rate of photosynthesis
Contains photosynthetic pigments- chlorophyll a, b and carotene (site of LDR)
What microorganelles are in the chloroplast
Thylakoid Grana Lamellae Chloroplast DNA Starch grain Stroma
What is a grana
A stack of thylakoids
What do the lamellae do
Join up grana
What is the stroma and what does it do
Similar to cytoplasm
Site of LIR
What is special about starch grain
It is stored as starch and is Insoluble so therefore does not affect water potential
Which photosystem comes first in LDR
PSII then PSI
What is photoionisation
Process of using light energy to make an ion
Recall the whole process of LDR
In folder
What are the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis
- Light intensity
- CO2 concentration
- Temperature
How does light intensity impact photosynthesis
The higher the light intensity, the more energy there is for the LDR, so the faster the rate of photosynthesis
How does the wavelength of light impact photosynthesis
- Plants will absorb red and blue and reflect green lights, different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light causing a difference in colour
How is light intensity used for agriculture
Overnight lighting or greenhouses which allow light in allow plants to absorb more light
Draw a graph showing light intensity as the limiting factor
Paper
When is CO2 most likely to be the limiting factor
During the day
What is the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere
0.04%
What is the optimum CO2 percentage for photosynthesis
0.4%
How is CO2 used in agriculture
Burn fossil fuels in greenhouses to increase concentration
How does temperature impact photosynthesis (2 ways)
- Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes, as temp increases so does the rate of photosynthesis until the optimum, after the optimum the rate will decrease
- High temperature can cause stomata to close, therefore a fall in CO2 so Calvin cycle can’t occur and rate of photosynthesis will fall
How is temperature used in agriculture
- Greenhouse traps warm air
- Heating and cooking systems to maintain optimum temp
