chapter 12 reproductive system Flashcards
what is fertilisation?
a process where the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg
describe the process of fertilisation.
- sperms are deposited in the vagina during sex, travels up the uterus to the oviduct
- if egg is present in the oviduct, fertilisation may take place
- the fertilised egg divides repeatedly to form the embryo
4.embryo moves into the uterus and is implanted on the uterine lining
woman is now pregnant!
What is heredity?
a process by which characteristics are passed down genetically from one generation to another
what is puberty?
when an adolescent is capable of reproduction and faces rapid growth and development during this period
what changes does males have when they go through puberty?
- facial hair starts to grow
- voice box grows larger and voice deepens
- armpit hair grows
- penis and testes increase in size
- hair starts to grow in pubic region
- productions of sperm begins and ejaculation occurs
what changes does females have when they go through puberty?
- armpit hair grows
- breasts, uterus enlarge and hips broaden
- a monthly cycle involving menstruation and ovulation begins ( menstrual cycle)
- hair grows in pubic region
what is menstruation?
the discharge of tissues of the uterus when an egg remains unfertilised
what happens for the first five days of a menstrual cycle?
menstruation: if a sperm does not fuse with the egg during the fertile period, the uterine lining breaks down again and menstruation begins again
menstrual flow is the shedding of unfertilised egg, uterine lining and blood
what happens on day 6 to 11 of a menstrual cycle?
repair and growth of the uterine lining: the uterine lining grows thicker and is very rich in blood capillaries
what happens on three days before and three days after day 14 a menstrual cycle?
fertile period: a mature egg is released into the oviduct
sex during the ovulation period will most likely result in pregnancy
what happens on day 17 to 28?
further thickening of the uterine lining: remains thick to supply the embryo with oxygen and nutrients for growth
what are the problems of premarital sex :unwanted pregnancy?
- most of the time, unmarried couples are not emotionally ready for a child
- the couple may not have enough money to support a child
- many people in our society are unable to accept unwed mother
what are the problems of sexually transmitted infections?
- sexually transmitted infections affects the sexual reproductive system
- if left untreated , STIs will disrupt functions of parts of the sexual reproductive system
- may cause difficulty for people trying to start a family
what is abortion?
- termination of pregnancy
- a doctor has to surgically remove the embryo or foetus from the moms uterus
- usually carried out within 12 weeks of the pregnancy
what problems can abortion cause?
guilt in the mother
> may lead to emotional problems such as depression
- a small number of women suffer health complications after abortion
> parts of the sexual reproduction system may be infected or damage
> which may lead to disruptions of the functions of their sexual reproduction system
> these women may have difficulty getting pregnant or unable to get pregnant in the future
what are some reasons for abortion?
- mothers may be permanently harmed if the pregnancy continues
- the child may be born physically or mentally handicapped
- unwanted pregnancy from rape
- life of mother or the foetus are in danger
- mother is physically and mentally incapable of supporting a child
- family not financially ready to support a child
explain the rhythm method.
- a temporary birth control method
- not have sex during a fertile period
what is spermicide?
- a temporary birth control method
- a chemicals that kills or blocks sperm from entering the uterus
- comes in forms of gels, aerosol foams, and foaming tablets
- inserted into the vagina
what is a diaphragm?
- a temporary birth control method
- a dome shaped rubber cap with an elastic rim to be placed into the vagina and over the cervix
- impermeable ad prevents sperms from entering the uterus
what is IUD?
- a temporary birth control method
- Intra-uterine device
- a piece of metal or plastic that is inserted into the uterus by a doctor
- it disrupts the function of the uterus
- prevents the embryo from being implanted on the uterine lining
what is a condom?
- a temporary birth control method
- a thin rubber tube used to cover an erect penis before sex
- impermeable to sperms so sperms cannot enter the uterus
-impermeable to bacteria and virus
> prevents sexually transmitted disease
what are contraceptive pills?
- a temporary birth control method
- contains a certain female sex hormones that prevents ovulation
- disrupt the function of the ovary
what is vasectomy?
- a permanent birth control method
-tying and cutting part of the sperm ducts during surgery
> disrupts the functions of sperm duct
> sperms not ejaculated during sex
> unable to make partner pregnant as there is no fertilisation
what is tubal ligation?
- a permanent birth control method
-cutting and tying both oviducts during the surgery - disrupts the functions of the oviduct
> prevents egg from meeting the sperms
> no fertilisation
