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Science🔬🧪🥼 > chapter 12 reproductive system > Flashcards

chapter 12 reproductive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is fertilisation?

A

a process where the nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg

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2
Q

describe the process of fertilisation.

A
  1. sperms are deposited in the vagina during sex, travels up the uterus to the oviduct
  2. if egg is present in the oviduct, fertilisation may take place
  3. the fertilised egg divides repeatedly to form the embryo

4.embryo moves into the uterus and is implanted on the uterine lining
woman is now pregnant!

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3
Q

What is heredity?

A

a process by which characteristics are passed down genetically from one generation to another

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4
Q

what is puberty?

A

when an adolescent is capable of reproduction and faces rapid growth and development during this period

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5
Q

what changes does males have when they go through puberty?

A
  1. facial hair starts to grow
  2. voice box grows larger and voice deepens
  3. armpit hair grows
  4. penis and testes increase in size
  5. hair starts to grow in pubic region
  6. productions of sperm begins and ejaculation occurs
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6
Q

what changes does females have when they go through puberty?

A
  1. armpit hair grows
  2. breasts, uterus enlarge and hips broaden
  3. a monthly cycle involving menstruation and ovulation begins ( menstrual cycle)
  4. hair grows in pubic region
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7
Q

what is menstruation?

A

the discharge of tissues of the uterus when an egg remains unfertilised

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8
Q

what happens for the first five days of a menstrual cycle?

A

menstruation: if a sperm does not fuse with the egg during the fertile period, the uterine lining breaks down again and menstruation begins again
menstrual flow is the shedding of unfertilised egg, uterine lining and blood

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9
Q

what happens on day 6 to 11 of a menstrual cycle?

A

repair and growth of the uterine lining: the uterine lining grows thicker and is very rich in blood capillaries

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10
Q

what happens on three days before and three days after day 14 a menstrual cycle?

A

fertile period: a mature egg is released into the oviduct

sex during the ovulation period will most likely result in pregnancy

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11
Q

what happens on day 17 to 28?

A

further thickening of the uterine lining: remains thick to supply the embryo with oxygen and nutrients for growth

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12
Q

what are the problems of premarital sex :unwanted pregnancy?

A
  • most of the time, unmarried couples are not emotionally ready for a child
  • the couple may not have enough money to support a child
  • many people in our society are unable to accept unwed mother
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13
Q

what are the problems of sexually transmitted infections?

A
  • sexually transmitted infections affects the sexual reproductive system
  • if left untreated , STIs will disrupt functions of parts of the sexual reproductive system
  • may cause difficulty for people trying to start a family
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14
Q

what is abortion?

A
  • termination of pregnancy
  • a doctor has to surgically remove the embryo or foetus from the moms uterus
  • usually carried out within 12 weeks of the pregnancy
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15
Q

what problems can abortion cause?

A

guilt in the mother
> may lead to emotional problems such as depression
- a small number of women suffer health complications after abortion
> parts of the sexual reproduction system may be infected or damage
> which may lead to disruptions of the functions of their sexual reproduction system
> these women may have difficulty getting pregnant or unable to get pregnant in the future

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16
Q

what are some reasons for abortion?

A
  • mothers may be permanently harmed if the pregnancy continues
  • the child may be born physically or mentally handicapped
  • unwanted pregnancy from rape
  • life of mother or the foetus are in danger
  • mother is physically and mentally incapable of supporting a child
  • family not financially ready to support a child
17
Q

explain the rhythm method.

A
  • a temporary birth control method

- not have sex during a fertile period

18
Q

what is spermicide?

A
  • a temporary birth control method
  • a chemicals that kills or blocks sperm from entering the uterus
  • comes in forms of gels, aerosol foams, and foaming tablets
  • inserted into the vagina
19
Q

what is a diaphragm?

A
  • a temporary birth control method
  • a dome shaped rubber cap with an elastic rim to be placed into the vagina and over the cervix
  • impermeable ad prevents sperms from entering the uterus
20
Q

what is IUD?

A
  • a temporary birth control method
  • Intra-uterine device
  • a piece of metal or plastic that is inserted into the uterus by a doctor
  • it disrupts the function of the uterus
  • prevents the embryo from being implanted on the uterine lining
21
Q

what is a condom?

A
  • a temporary birth control method
  • a thin rubber tube used to cover an erect penis before sex
  • impermeable to sperms so sperms cannot enter the uterus
    -impermeable to bacteria and virus
    > prevents sexually transmitted disease
22
Q

what are contraceptive pills?

A
  • a temporary birth control method
  • contains a certain female sex hormones that prevents ovulation
  • disrupt the function of the ovary
23
Q

what is vasectomy?

A
  • a permanent birth control method
    -tying and cutting part of the sperm ducts during surgery
    > disrupts the functions of sperm duct
    > sperms not ejaculated during sex
    > unable to make partner pregnant as there is no fertilisation
24
Q

what is tubal ligation?

A
  • a permanent birth control method
    -cutting and tying both oviducts during the surgery
  • disrupts the functions of the oviduct
    > prevents egg from meeting the sperms
    > no fertilisation
25
Q

what are three STIs?

A
  • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
  • Syphilis
  • Gonorrhoea
26
Q

How might STIs spread?

A
  • infected people might not have obvious signs or symptoms
    > unaware that they might have STIs and spread to others like partners and unborn babies
  • during sex, the exchange of body fluids takes place in the reproductive system
  • bacteria or viruses that causes STIs are present in body fluids of an infected person
  • the viruses or bacteria of an infected person might enter his or her sex partners circulatory system through their reproductive system
    > if it does, it may also be spread through contaminated blood or child birth
27
Q

how does AIDS work?

A
  • it is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
    > it attacks a person’s immune system and person loses immunity and protection against common infections
  • HIV infected person will develop AIDS
  • during the final stage of HIV, their immune system will be severely damaged
    > suffer from severe weight loss, lung infections & brain infection
28
Q

What can Syphilis cause?

shoutout to the syph nurse: olivia

A
  • people with syphilis suffer from blindness and inability to move certain parts of their body
  • if left untreated, cause heart failure, insanity or even death
29
Q

What can Gonorrhoea cause?

A
  • infected people may become unable to bear children if the disease spreads in their reproductive system
  • may cause the babies to be blind when the bacteria enters the babies eyes
30
Q

Treatment for STIs

A
  • AIDS is a viral STI which is fatal and incurable

- syphilis and gonorrhoea can be treated by antibiotics

Science🔬🧪🥼 (8 decks)

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