Chapter 12: Physical Properties of Solutions

Question 1

Boiling point elevation

Answer 1

The boiling point of the solution minus the boiling point of the pure solvent

Question 2

Colligative properties

Answer 2

Properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in solution and not on the nature of the solute particles

Question 3

colloid

Answer 3

a dispersion of particle on one substance (the dispersed phase) throughout a dispersing medium made of another substance

Question 4

crystallization

Answer 4

the process in which dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals

Question 5

fractional crystallization

Answer 5

The separation of a mixture of substances into pure components on the basis of their different solubilities

Question 6

fractional distillation

Answer 6

A procedure for separating liquid components of a solution that is based on their different boiling points

Question 7

freezing-point depression

Answer 7

the freezing point of the pure solvent minus the freezing point of the solution

Question 8

Henry’s Law

Answer 8

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution

Question 9

hydrophilic

Answer 9

water liking

Question 10

hydrophobic

Answer 10

water fearing

Question 11

ideal solution

Answer 11

any solution that obeys Raoult’s law

Question 12

ion pair

Answer 12

One or more cations and one or more anions held together by electrostatic forces

Question 13

miscible

Answer 13

two liquids that are completely soluble in each other in all proportions are said to be miscible

Question 14

molality

Answer 14

the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kg of solvent

Question 15

nonvolatile

Answer 15

does not have a measurable vapor pressure

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

the net movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent or from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

Question 17

osmotic pressure

Answer 17

the pressure required to stop osmosis

Question 18

percent by mass

Answer 18

the ratio of the mass of a solute to the mass of the solution, multiplied by 100%

Question 19

Raoult’s Law

Answer 19

The vapor pressure of the solvent over a solution is given by the product of the vapor pressure of the pure solvent and the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution

Question 20

Saturated Solution

Answer 20

At a given temperature, the solution that results when the maximum amount of a substance has been dissolved in a solvent

Question 21

semipermeable membrane

Answer 21

A membrane that enables solvent molecules to pass through, but blocks the movement of solute molecules

Question 22

solvation

Answer 22

the process in which an ion or molecule is surrounded by solvent molecules arranged in a specific manner

Question 23

supersaturated solution

Answer 23

a solution that contains more of the solute than is present in a saturated solution

Question 24

unsaturated solution

Answer 24

a solution that contains less solute than it has the capacity to dissolve

Question 25

van’t Hoff factor (i)

Answer 25

the ratio of actual number of parcels in solution after dissociation to the number of formula units initially dissolved in solution

Question 26

Volatile

Answer 26

has measurable vapor pressure