Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

Question 1

Adhesion

Answer 1

Attraction between unlike molecules

Question 2

Amorphous Solid

Answer 2

A solid that lacks a regular 3-D arrangement of atoms or molecules

Question 3

Boiling Point

Answer 3

the temp at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external atmospheric pressure

Question 4

Closest Packing

Answer 4

the most efficient arrangements for packing atoms, molecules, or ions in a crystal

Question 5

Cohesion

Answer 5

the intermolecular attraction between like molecules

Question 6

Condensation

Answer 6

the phenomenon of going from the gaseous state to the liquid state

Question 7

Coordination Number

Answer 7

In a crystal lattice it is defined as the number of atoms (or ions) surrounding an atom (or ion). In coordination compounds it is defined as the number of donor atoms surrounding the central metal atom in a complex.

Question 8

Critical Pressure

Answer 8

the minimum pressure necessary to bring about liquefaction at the critical temperature.

Question 9

Critical Temperature

Answer 9

the temperature at which a gas will not liquefy

Question 10

Crystalline Solid

Answer 10

a solid that possesses rigid and long-range order; its atoms, molecules, or ions occupy specific positions

Question 11

Deposition

Answer 11

the process in which the molecules go directly from the vapor into the solid phase

Question 12

Dipole-dipole forces

Answer 12

forces that act between polar molecules

Question 13

Dispersion forces

Answer 13

the attractive forces that arise as a result of temporary dipoles induced in the atoms or molecules; also called London forces

Question 14

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 14

the condition in which the rate of a forward process is exactly balanced by the rate of a reverse process

Question 15

Equilibrium Vapor pressure

Answer 15

the vapor pressure measured under dynamic equilibrium of condensation and evaporation at some temperature

Question 16

Evaporation

Answer 16

the process in which a liquid is transformed into a gas; also called vaporization

Question 17

Freezing Point

Answer 17

the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium

Question 18

Glass

Answer 18

the optically transparent fusion product of inorganic materials that has cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing

Question 19

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 19

A special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom bonded to an atom of a very electronegative element (F,N,O) and another atom of one of the three electronegative elements

Question 20

Induced dipole

Answer 20

The separation of positive and negative charges in a neutral atom (or a non polar molecule) caused by the proximity of an ion or a polar molecule

Question 21

Intermolecular forces

Answer 21

Attractive forces that exist among molecules

Question 22

Intramolecular forces

Answer 22

Forces that hold atoms together in a molecule

Question 23

Ion-dipole forces

Answer 23

Forces that operate between an ion and a dipole

Question 24

Melting Point

Answer 24

The temperature at which solid and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium

Question 25

Molar heat of sublimation

Answer 25

The energy (in kilojoules) required to sublime one mole of a solid

Question 26

Molar heat of vaporization

Answer 26

the energy (in kilojoules) required to vaporize one mole of a liquid

Question 27

Phase

Answer 27

A homogenous part of a system in contact with other parts of the system but separated from them by a well-defined boundary.

Question 28

Phase changes

Answer 28

transformation from one phase to another

Question 29

Phase diagram

Answer 29

a diagram showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor

Question 30

Sublimation

Answer 30

The process in which molecules go directly from the solid into the vapor phase

Question 31

Supercooling

Answer 31

cooling of a liquid below its freezing point without forming the solid

Question 32

Surface Tension

Answer 32

the amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area

Question 33

Triple Point

Answer 33

the point at which the vapor, liquid, and solid states of a substance are in equilibrium

Question 34

Unit Cell

Answer 34

The basic repeating unit of the arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions in a crystalline solid

Question 35

Van der Waals forces

Answer 35

the dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and dispersion forces

Question 36

Vaporization

Answer 36

the escape of molecules from the surface of a liquid, also called evaporation

Question 37

Viscosity

Answer 37

a measure of a fluids resistance to flow

Question 38

X-ray diffraction

Answer 38

the scattering of X rays by the units of a regular crystalline solid