Chapter 12 Personality Disorders Flashcards
Personality disorder
- an enduring maladaptive pattern for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts that cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress
- Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts, are inflexible and maladaptive, and cause significant impairment or subjective distress
Five-factor model
- Extroversion
- Aggreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Neuroticism
- Openness to experience
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Similar to the non-DSM-IV-TR label psychopathy but with greater emphasis on overt behavior than on personality bias
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. express their emotions in an exaggerated manner
Criterion gender bias
- Criteria for the disorder may themselves be biased
2. the assessment measures
Assessment gender bias
The way they are used may be biased
Comorbidity
Condition in which a person has multiple diseases
Paranoid personality disorder
- a cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent
- Excessive mistrust, suspicion of others, without any justification: assume others intend to harm or trick them
Schizoid personality disorder
- A cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder featuring pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions. neither to desire nor to enjoy closeness with others including romantic or sexual relationships
- Detachment from social relationships, limited range of interpersonal emotions, aloof, cold, and indifferent, tendency to turn inward, away from the outside world
Schizotypal personality disorder
- a cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
- Socially isolated, unusual behavior; suspicious, odd beliefs, considered to be on a continuum with schizophrenia, but without debilitating symptoms
Antisocial personality disorder
- A cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Similar to the non-DSM-IV-TR label psychopathy but with greater emphasis on overt behavior than on personality bias
- Cluster B, fail to comply with social norms, perform unacceptable actions, irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful
Psychopathy
- a non DSM-IV-TR category similar to antisocial personality disorder but with less emphasis on overt behavior. Indicators include superficial charm, lack of remorse, and other personality characteristics
- 6 out of 20 criteria; glibness/superficial charm, grandiose sense of self worth, proneness to boredom/need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning/manipulative, lack of remorse
Conduct disorder
a group of behavioral and emotional problems in youngsters
Underarousal hypothesis
Theory of the etiology of antisocial personality disorder suggesting psychopaths engage in dangerous or illicit behavior to stimulate the underaroused cerebral cortex in their brains.
Borderline personality disorder
- A cluster B (dramatic, emotional, and erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect and control over impulses. most common personality disorder
- Unstable moods and relationships, poor self image, feelings of emptiness, suicidal
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
- a promising treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. express their emotions in an exaggerated manner
Histrionic personality disorder
- A cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. express their emotions in an exaggerated manner
- Overly dramatic, theatrical
Narcissistic personality disorder
- A cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
- Consider themselves to be special, different, enamored with own image, preoccupied with attention
Grandiosity
Exaggerated feelings and fantasies of greatness
Avoidant personality disorder
- A cluster C (anxious and fearful) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism
- Cluster C, sensitive to the opinions of others, avoid relationships, low self-esteem, fear of rejection
Causes and Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Importance on attachment styles
Treatment is focused on grandiosity, hypersensitivity to evaluation, and lack of empathy towards others
Dependent Personality Disorder
- A cluster C (anxious and fearful) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern and excessive need to be taken care of, a condition that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation
- Rely on others to make ordinary decisions as well as important ones, which results in an unreasonable fear of abandonment
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
- A cluster C (anxious and fearful) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
- Fixation on things being done the right way, preoccupied with details
____ refers to a condition in which people with personality disorders are diagnosed with other disorders
Comorbidity
The personality disorders are divided into three clusters or groups: ____ contains the odd or eccentric disorders; ____ contains the dramatic, emotional, and erratic disorders; and ___ contains the anxious and fearful disorders
Cluster A, Cluster B, Cluster C
Its debated whether personality disorders are extreme versions of otherwise normal personality variations (therefore classified as dimensions) or ways of relating that are different from psychologically healthy behavior (classified as _____).
Categories
Personality disorders are described as ____ because unlike many disorders, they originate in childhood and continue throughout adulthood.
Chronic
Although gender differences are evident in the research of personality disorders, some differences in the findings may be the result of _____.
Bias
Heidi trusts no one and wrongly believes other people want to harm her. She is sure her husband is secretly planning to leave her and take their three boys although she has no proof. She no longer divulges any information to coworkers for fear that it will be used in a plot against her. She is usually tense and ready to argue about harmless comments made by family members.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Rebecca lives alone out in the country with her birds and has little contact with others. She is extremely concerned with pollution, fearing that harmful chemicals are in the air and water around her. She has developed her own water purification system and makes her own clothes. If it is necessary for her to go out side, she covers her body with excessive clothing and wears a facemask to avoid the contaminated air.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Doug is a college student who has no close friends. He comes to class every day and sits in a corner alone. Most students find him difficult to engage and complain about his lack of involvement in class activities, but he appears indifferent to what others say. HE has never had a girlfriend, and expresses no desire to have sex. He is meeting with a therapist only because his family tricked him into going.
Schizoid
Elaine has low self-esteem and usually feels empty unless she does dangerous and exciting things. She is involved in drugs and has casual sexual encounters, even with strangers. She threatens to commit suicide if her boyfriend talks about leaving her and alternates between passionately loving and hating him
Borderline Personality Disorder
Lance is 17 and has been in trouble with the law for the past 2 years. He lies to his parents, vandalizes buildings, and often fights with others. He shows no remorse for the people he injures or the grief he causes his parents
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Nancy thinks she is the best at everything. She thinks her performance is always excellent and is extremely critical of anyone else’s success. She constantly looks for admiration and reassurance from others
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Sam is known for being overly dramatic. She cries uncontrollably during sad movies and we sometimes think she is acting. She is vain and self-centered, interrupting many of our class conversations to discus her personal life
Histrionic Personality Disorder
During a therapy session, John gets up for a glass of water. Ten minutes later john still is not back. He first has to clean the fountain area and neatly arrange the glasses before pouring his glass of water
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
Whitney claims she is unintelligent and has no skills. She is also afraid to be alone and seeks constant reassurance from her family and friends. She says and does nothing about her cheating husband because she thinks that if she shows any initiative she will be abandoned and will have to take care of herself
Dependent Personality Disorder
Mike has no social life because his great fear of rejection. He disregard compliments and reacts excessively to criticism, which only feeds his pervasive feelings of inadequacy. Mike takes everything personally.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
