Chapter 12 - peads

Question 1

Number 1 cause of death in 1-19 years

Answer 1

Traumatic injury

Question 2

Mechanisms of injury and biomechanics in peads

Answer 2

trauma = multisystem organ injury

Greater force is distributed throughout the body of a peads patent as a result of trauma due to patients reduced body mass.

Question 3

Development - starts at?

Answer 3

Head and goes down the body

Question 4

TRIAGE

Answer 4

Across the room assessment 3-5 seconds

1. General appearance;
   - muscle tone; floppy?
   - interactiveness
   - consolubility
   - look or gaze
   - speech or cry
2. work of breathing
   - inadequate or excessive
   - nasal flaring
   - accessory musle use
   - airway sounds
   - position
3. circulation to skin
   - colour
   - mottling or cyanosis
   - diaphoresis

Question 5

what age are they nose breathers

Answer 5

4- 6 months

Question 6

Small airways?

Answer 6

means small amounts of blood etc. can obstruct

plus use a tongue depressor

Question 7

Circ cartilage

Answer 7

C shapped in kids

Question 8

Breathing + vent.

Answer 8

RR is faster due to an increased basal metabolic rate
> This contributes to overall insensible fluid losses, resulting in a greater risk for hypovolemia which is further exacerbated in the presence of hemorrhage.

Increases metabolic rate ineffective uses oxygen; limited reserves are quickly depleted in times of physiologic stress such as trauma

Question 9

Circ and hemorrhage

Answer 9

children have a high body water composition compared to adults and can easily become dehydrated

> the myocardium is less compliment in peads.
to maintain cardiac output, a HR increases to meet systemic demand

Question 10

Cap refill times

Answer 10

> 2 seconds indicated poor perfusion

Question 11

Fluid resus in kids

Answer 11

20 ml/kg of warmed isotonic crystalloid solution over 5-10 minutes

PRBC - 10 ml/kg bolus

Question 12

Babinski reflex

Answer 12

NORMAL

BOTTOM OF FOOT with something sharp and large toe points up and other toes fan out

Question 13

Burns in kids

Answer 13

for burns less than 10% of the total body surface area. use cool water for 3-5 minutes

If more than 10% (15% to 20%) consider fluid resus.
> parkland formula
> only calculate percentage from only deep partial thickness burns
> 3 ml x weight in kg x % TBSA = 24 hour fluid requirement.
> administer first half in 8 hours and then remaining in the next 16 hours