Chapter 12 - Pathology

Question 1

Croup

Answer 1

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.

Question 2

Diphtheria

Answer 2

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium.

Question 3

Epistaxis

Answer 3

Nosebleed

Question 4

Pertussis

Answer 4

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infections of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

Question 5

Asthma

Answer 5

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction, and increased mucus production

Question 6

Bronchiectasis

Answer 6

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

Question 7

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 8

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Answer 8

Inherited disorder of the exocrine gland resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.

Question 9

Atelectasis (!!!)

Answer 9

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli (collapsed). Remember, pleura DOES NOT separate here!!

Question 10

Emphysema (!!!)

Answer 10

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are both forms of COPD.

Question 11

Lung Cancer (!!!)

Answer 11

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Associated with cigarette smoking

Question 12

Pneumoconiosis (!!!)

Answer 12

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis.

Question 13

Pneumonia (!!!)

Answer 13

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.

Question 14

Pulmonary abscess (!!!)

Answer 14

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

Question 15

Pulmonary edema (!!!)

Answer 15

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Question 16

Pulmonary embolism (PE) (!!!)

Answer 16

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung. Pulmonary infraction.

Question 17

Pulmonary Fibrosis (!!!)

Answer 17

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Question 18

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 18

Infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ the body may be affected

Question 19

Pleural effusion

Answer 19

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

Question 20

Pleurisy (pleuritis)

Answer 20

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 21

Pneumothorax

Answer 21

1. Collection of air in the pleural space

2. Separation of visceral and parietal pleura by a volume of air, causes alveoli to collapse.

Question 22

Mesothelioma

Answer 22

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.