Chapter 12 Module 37 Vocab Flashcards
egocentric thought
way of thinking where a child views the world entirely from their own perspective
formal operational stage
(according to Piaget) a period form age 12-adulthood that is characterized by abstract thought
habituation
decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus
ex: like sensory adaptation
industry-vs-inferiority stage
(according to Erikson) the last stage of childhood during which children ages 6-12 years may develop positive social interactions with other or may feel inadequate and become less sociable
information processing
the way in which people take in, use, and store information
initiative-vs-guilt stage
(according to Erikson) period during which children ages 3-6 years experience conflict between independence of action and the sometimes negative result of that action
metacognition
awareness and understanding of one’s own cognitive process
ex: Sheldon Cooper
neonate
a newborn child
object permanence
awareness that objects-and people-continue to exist even though they are out of sight
permissive parents
parents who give their children relaxed or inconsistent direction and, although they act warmly, require little of them
preoperational stage
(according to Piaget) period form 2-7 years old that is characterized by language development
principle of conservation
the understanding that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects
psychosocial development
development of individuals interactions and understanding of each other and their knowledge and understanding of themselves as members of society
reflexes
unlearned involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
sensorimotor stage
(according to Piaget) stage form birth-2 years during which a child has little competence in representing the enviornment by using images, languages, or other symbols
temperament
basic inborn characteristic way o responding and behavioral style
trust-vs-mistrust stage
(according to Erikson) the first stage of psychosocial development, occurring from birth- 1 1/2 years where infants develop feelings of trust or lack of trust
uninvolved parents
parents who show little interest in their children and are emotionally detached
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
(according to Vygotsky) the gap between what children already are able to do on their own and what they are not quite ready to do by themselves
