Chapter 12 Life History (Q5) Flashcards
A fish that produces larger eggs typically also produces ___
fewer eggs
Which organism has more variation in egg size and numbers than any other?
Fish- more variation than any other group
Populations with many small eggs ____
fewer differences in allelic frequencies than populations with fewer large eggs
Larvae from large eggs ____,____,____ and____which leads to more isolated populations
- hatch earlier
- feed earlier
- don’t drift as far
- don’t disperse great distances -> leads to more isolated populations
Greater isolation leads to___
rapid gene differentiation
Life history is ____
timing of life’s major events and adaptations relating to allocation of resources
What are the 4 basic plant “forms”
- Graminoids
- Forbs
- Woody Plants
- Climbers
Describe Graminoid plant form
grass and grass-like plants
Describe Forbs plant form
Herbaceous, non-graminoids
Describe Woody Plant types:
Woody thickening of tissues
Describe Climber plant form
Climbing plants and vines
___and___plant forms have 10x the mass of seeds that ___ or ___ plant forms have
Woody plants and climbers have 10x the mass of seeds that graminoids or forbs have
What are the 6 seed dispersal strategies?
- unassisted
- adhesion
- wind
- ant
- vertebrate
- Scartter-hoarded
Describe unassisted dispersal strategy
No specialized structures
Describe adhesion dispersal strategy
Hooks, spines, or barbs
Describe Vertebrate dispersal strategy
Fleshy coating (aril)
Describe win dispersal strategy
Wings, hair, or other resistance structures
Describe Ant dispersal strategy
Oil surface coating (elaisome)
Describe scatter-hoarded dispersal strategy
gathered, stored in caches
Small plants producing large numbers of small seeds ->_____
advantage in disturbed habitats
Bigger seeds lead to ____
taller seedlings (more resources)
Larger seeds -> larger seedlings ->___
increased recruitment
___energy budgets differ before and after sexual maturity
Vertebrate
Before sexual maturity, Vertebrate energy budgets are allocated to ___
maintenance and growth
After sexual maturity, vertebrate energy budgets are allocated to ___
maintenance, growth, and reproduction
Individuals delaying reproduction->___,____, and ____
grow faster, reach larger size, and increased reproduction rate when mature
Lizards and snakes that have higher survival____
mature at later age
Fishes with higher mortality rates______
allocate a greater proportion of their energy to reproduction
Fish species with higher mortality show____
higher relative reproduction rate
r-selection is__
per capita rate of increase
K-selection is___
carrying capacity
Competitive species such as birch predominate under conditions of____and_____
low disturbance and low stress
r-selection is characteristic of ____
high population growth rate
k-selection is characteristic of ___
efficient resource use
Stress tolerant species predominate under conditions of___and___
low disturbance and low stress
Ruderals are dominant under conditions of___and___
high disturbance and low stress
___is associated with r-selected species
More eggs
r selection =____environments
unpredictable environments
k-selection=___environments
predictable environments
Intrinsic rate of increase is highest in___species
r-selected
Competitive ability is highest in ____ species
K-selected
In____species numerous individuals rapidly produced
r-selected
In ___species fewer larger individuals slowly produced
k-selected
lx =
juvenile survivorship
mx =
fecundity
a (alpha) =
age of reproductive maturity
Opportunistic equilibrium =
low lx (juvenile survivorship low mx (fecundity) early a (age of reproductive maturity)
Equilibrium life history =
high lx (juvenile survivorship) low mx (fecundity) late a (age of reproductive maturity)
Periodic Life history =
low lx (juvenile survivorship) low mx (fecundity) late a (age of reproductivee maturity)
Compared to other vertebrate groups ___ include much greater range of life history strategies
fish
Compared to other vertebrate groups ___ show the least variation of life history strategies
mammals
2 most important variables exerting selective pressures in plants are ___ and ___
intensity of disturbance and intensity of stress
Intensity of disturbance is ____
process that destroys biomass
Instensity of stress is ____
external constraints limit rate of productivity