Chapter 12 Life History (Q5)

Question 1

A fish that produces larger eggs typically also produces ___

Answer 1

fewer eggs

Question 2

Which organism has more variation in egg size and numbers than any other?

Answer 2

Fish- more variation than any other group

Question 3

Populations with many small eggs ____

Answer 3

fewer differences in allelic frequencies than populations with fewer large eggs

Question 4

Larvae from large eggs ____,____,____ and____which leads to more isolated populations

Answer 4

• hatch earlier
• feed earlier
• don’t drift as far
• don’t disperse great distances -> leads to more isolated populations

Question 5

Greater isolation leads to___

Answer 5

rapid gene differentiation

Question 6

Life history is ____

Answer 6

timing of life’s major events and adaptations relating to allocation of resources

Question 7

What are the 4 basic plant “forms”

Answer 7

• Graminoids
• Forbs
• Woody Plants
• Climbers

Question 8

Describe Graminoid plant form

Answer 8

grass and grass-like plants

Question 9

Describe Forbs plant form

Answer 9

Herbaceous, non-graminoids

Question 10

Describe Woody Plant types:

Answer 10

Woody thickening of tissues

Question 11

Describe Climber plant form

Answer 11

Climbing plants and vines

Question 12

___and___plant forms have 10x the mass of seeds that ___ or ___ plant forms have

Answer 12

Woody plants and climbers have 10x the mass of seeds that graminoids or forbs have

Question 13

What are the 6 seed dispersal strategies?

Answer 13

• unassisted
• adhesion
• wind
• ant
• vertebrate
• Scartter-hoarded

Question 14

Describe unassisted dispersal strategy

Answer 14

No specialized structures

Question 15

Describe adhesion dispersal strategy

Answer 15

Hooks, spines, or barbs

Question 16

Describe Vertebrate dispersal strategy

Answer 16

Fleshy coating (aril)

Question 17

Describe win dispersal strategy

Answer 17

Wings, hair, or other resistance structures

Question 18

Describe Ant dispersal strategy

Answer 18

Oil surface coating (elaisome)

Question 19

Describe scatter-hoarded dispersal strategy

Answer 19

gathered, stored in caches

Question 20

Small plants producing large numbers of small seeds ->_____

Answer 20

advantage in disturbed habitats

Question 21

Bigger seeds lead to ____

Answer 21

taller seedlings (more resources)

Question 22

Larger seeds -> larger seedlings ->___

Answer 22

increased recruitment

Question 23

___energy budgets differ before and after sexual maturity

Answer 23

Vertebrate

Question 24

Before sexual maturity, Vertebrate energy budgets are allocated to ___

Answer 24

maintenance and growth

Question 25

After sexual maturity, vertebrate energy budgets are allocated to ___

Answer 25

maintenance, growth, and reproduction

Question 26

Individuals delaying reproduction->___,____, and ____

Answer 26

grow faster, reach larger size, and increased reproduction rate when mature

Question 27

Lizards and snakes that have higher survival____

Answer 27

mature at later age

Question 28

Fishes with higher mortality rates______

Answer 28

allocate a greater proportion of their energy to reproduction

Question 29

Fish species with higher mortality show____

Answer 29

higher relative reproduction rate

Question 30

r-selection is__

Answer 30

per capita rate of increase

Question 31

K-selection is___

Answer 31

carrying capacity

Question 32

Competitive species such as birch predominate under conditions of____and_____

Answer 32

low disturbance and low stress

Question 33

r-selection is characteristic of ____

Answer 33

high population growth rate

Question 34

k-selection is characteristic of ___

Answer 34

efficient resource use

Question 35

Stress tolerant species predominate under conditions of___and___

Answer 35

low disturbance and low stress

Question 36

Ruderals are dominant under conditions of___and___

Answer 36

high disturbance and low stress

Question 37

___is associated with r-selected species

Answer 37

More eggs

Question 38

r selection =____environments

Answer 38

unpredictable environments

Question 39

k-selection=___environments

Answer 39

predictable environments

Question 40

Intrinsic rate of increase is highest in___species

Answer 40

r-selected

Question 41

Competitive ability is highest in ____ species

Answer 41

K-selected

Question 42

In____species numerous individuals rapidly produced

Answer 42

r-selected

Question 43

In ___species fewer larger individuals slowly produced

Answer 43

k-selected

Question 44

lx =

Answer 44

juvenile survivorship

Question 45

mx =

Answer 45

fecundity

Question 46

a (alpha) =

Answer 46

age of reproductive maturity

Question 47

Opportunistic equilibrium =

Answer 47

``` low lx (juvenile survivorship low mx (fecundity) early a (age of reproductive maturity) ```

Question 48

Equilibrium life history =

Answer 48

``` high lx (juvenile survivorship) low mx (fecundity) late a (age of reproductive maturity) ```

Question 49

Periodic Life history =

Answer 49

``` low lx (juvenile survivorship) low mx (fecundity) late a (age of reproductivee maturity) ```

Question 50

Compared to other vertebrate groups ___ include much greater range of life history strategies

Answer 50

fish

Question 51

Compared to other vertebrate groups ___ show the least variation of life history strategies

Answer 51

mammals

Question 52

2 most important variables exerting selective pressures in plants are ___ and ___

Answer 52

intensity of disturbance and intensity of stress

Question 53

Intensity of disturbance is ____

Answer 53

process that destroys biomass

Question 54

Instensity of stress is ____

Answer 54

external constraints limit rate of productivity