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PS271 Final > CHAPTER 12: Humanistic & Positive Psychology > Flashcards

CHAPTER 12: Humanistic & Positive Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is humanistic psychology?

A

emphasizes aspects of psychology that are distinctly human

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2
Q

Humanistic psychology is closely related to __________ _________ and ____________

A

phenomenological approach and existentialism

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3
Q

What is the goal of humanistic psychology?

A

acknowledging and addressing the ways in which psychology is unique

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4
Q

Which uniquely human phenomena is most important?

A

free will and self-awareness

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5
Q

What are the 8 elements of humanistic psychology?

A

humanistic, holistic, historic, phenomenological, real life, positivity, will, value

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6
Q

What is meant by humanistic

A

study of humans, not animals

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7
Q

what is meant by phenomenological

A

interior, experiential, and existential aspects of personality

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8
Q

Phenomenology is the study of _______ ________

A

conscious experience

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9
Q

What is meant by construal

A

an individual’s particular experience of the world, or way of interpreting reality

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10
Q

T/F: your construal may be different from anybody else’s

A

True

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11
Q

_________ is related to the goals your pursue and the obstacles and opportunities your percieve

A

your construal

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12
Q

Situational construals are related to ________ and _________

A

personality and gender

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13
Q

Narcissism and construal

A

experience being the center of attention in a situation

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14
Q

Openness and construal

A

construe the situation as including intellectual and artistic stimulation

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15
Q

T/F: Women are more likely than men to perceive a potential for threat or blame

A

False

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16
Q

T/F: Women are more likely to perceive the need for people to be supportive and more likely to perceive a need to be assertive

A

True

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17
Q

What is introspection?

A

observing one’s own mental processes

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18
Q

Who founded the first psychological laboratory?

A

Wundt

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19
Q

Who did introspection?

A

Wundt

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20
Q

What is existentialism?

A

philosophical approach - focus on phenomenology (conscious experience), free will, meaning of life, and other questions of existence

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21
Q

Where is the origin of existentialism?

A

European

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22
Q

What are the 3 components of conscious experience?

A

Umwelt, mitwelt, eigenwelt

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23
Q

_________’s phenomenological analysis has 3 components

A

Binswanger

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24
Q

What is the umwelt component of phenomenological analysis?

A

biological experience - sensations you feel by being a biological organism

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25
Q

What is the mitwelt component of phenomenological analysis?

A

think and feel as a social being - emotions and thoughts about other people and yourself

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26
Q

What is the eigenwelt component of phenomenological analysis?

A

experience of experience itself - how you think and feel when you try to understand yourself and your existence

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27
Q

___________ is the result of introspection

A

eigenwelt

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28
Q

What is an example of umwelt?

A

pleasure, pain, heat, cold, and all other bodily sensations

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29
Q

What is an example of mitwelt?

A

thinking about someone you love, fear, admire

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30
Q

What is an example of eigenwelt?

A

inner experiences, observing your own mind and feelings.

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31
Q

What is thrown-ness?

A

time, place, and circumstances into which you happened to be born

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32
Q

Thrown-ness is ___________’s existential analysis

A

Heidegger

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33
Q

Existential anxiety is synonymous to _____

A

Angst

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34
Q

Angst is analyzed into 3 separate sensations:

A

anguish, forlornness, despair

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35
Q

The key idea of buddhism is _______

A

anatta

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36
Q

What does anatta mean?

A

“nonself” - single, isolated self is an illusion

37
Q

What does anicca mean?

A

everything is temporary - all things will pass

38
Q

What does nirvana mean?

A

state of selfless being resulting from achieving enlightenment

39
Q

What are the 3 Buddhist viewpoints?

A

anatta, anicca, nirvana

40
Q

Rogers and Maslow believed that people ____________________.

A

are basically good

41
Q

Rogers said that people have a basic need to _______, that is, to maintain and enhance life.

A

actualize

42
Q

Who developed the hierarchy of needs?

A

Maslow

43
Q

Self-actualization only beomes active if ______ ______ are met first

A

basic needs

44
Q

What is one of Maslow’s key points about money?

A

Money is most important when you have very little. After a certain point, it becomes less important to happiness

45
Q

A fully functioning person faces the world without

A

fear, self-doubt, or neurotic defenses

46
Q

A fully functioning person only results from

A

experiencing unconditional positive regard from important people in your life, especially during childhood

47
Q

Rogers’ Conditions of Worth

A

we are good and valuable people only if we fulfill certain criteria ie. health, success, attractiveness, prosperous

48
Q

Goal of Rogerian psychotherapy and humanistic psychotherapy

A

help the client become a fully functioning person

49
Q

To help the client become a fully functioning person in psychotherapy, the therapist must

A

develop genuine caring relationship, provide unconditional positive regard

50
Q

The sentence “bob sees the world as an evil place” is an example of

A

construal

51
Q

Kelly’s theory of personality is called

A

personal construct theory

52
Q

Kelly viewed constructs as

A

bipolar dimensions

53
Q

What is meant by Kelly’s bipolar dimensions

A

scales ranging between one concept and its opposite (ie. good-bad, large-small, weak-strong)

54
Q

What is Kelly’s favoured testing method?

A

Role Construct Repertory Test (Rep test)

55
Q

What does the Rep Test do?

A

Asks you to identify 3 people who are important to you and 3 important ideas, then how those people and ideas are similar and different

56
Q

After identifying people and ideas in the Rep Test, what does that do?

A

reveal constructs of how you view the world

57
Q

What are chronically accessible constructs?

A

constructs that are more readily brought to mind in individuals

58
Q

Where did Kelly believe constructs come from?

A

come from, but not determined by, past experience

59
Q

What is the principle of parsimony (Occam’s razor)?

A

All other things being equal, the simplest theory is the best

60
Q

In Kelly’s personal construct theory, what is meant by sociality corollary?

A

understanding another person requires understanding that person’s view of reality (construct system)

61
Q

What is Kelly’s constructive alternativism?

A

You choose construals, they are not forced on you

62
Q

What is the focus of positive psychology?

A

positive subjective experience, positive individual traits and positive institutions

63
Q

What is the goal of positive psychology?

A

improve quality of life, prevent pathologies that arise when life is meaniningless

64
Q

Positive psychology is the ______ of humanistic psychology

A

rebirth

65
Q

Positive psychologists investigate ________, _________, and _______ _______ that promote happy and meaningful life

A

traits, processes, social institutions

66
Q

Positive psychology focuses on human _____ instead of ______

A

strengths, faults

67
Q

What are the 6 core virtues?

A

courage, justice, humanity (compassion), temperance, wisdom, transcendence

68
Q

What are the 2 most universal virtues?

A

justice and humanity

69
Q

Virtues

A

how people make themselves better

70
Q

Positive psychology: 2 things to make the most of life

A

Mindfulness (aware and in control), and flow (state of consciousness)

71
Q

Mindfulness meditation can help people suffering from _______ and _______

A

depression, anxiety

72
Q

autotelic activisties

A

enjoyable for their own sake

73
Q

Flow is characterized by

A

concentration, lack of distractibility

74
Q

When skills and challenges are balanced, you experience ______.

A

flow

75
Q

only people high in ______ __ _______ , benefit from activities meant to promote flow

A

locus of control

76
Q

Flow is close to the opposite of _________

A

mindfulness

77
Q

When does awe arise?

A

individuals encounter an entity that is vast and challenges their worldview

78
Q

What are the 3 components of happiness?

A

overall life satisfaction, satisfaction in particular life domains (ie. relationship, career), high levels of positive emotion and low levels of negative emotion

79
Q

Hedonic

A

pleasure and comfort

80
Q

eudaimonic

A

meaningful life (full potential, helping others, building community)

81
Q

Self-determination theory (SDT)

A
82
Q

Eudononia

A

seeking intrinsic goals rather than extrinsic goals

83
Q

What are the 3 sources of happiness?

A

set point, intentional activity, circumstances

84
Q

What is a set point?

A

genetically influenced - extraversion (good) and neuroticism (bad)

85
Q

T/F: more education, being married, and earning more money are associated with happiness

A

True

86
Q

4 consequences of happiness

A

failure to recognize risk, happiness at the wrong time, trying to be happy can be counterproductive, arrogant happiness harmful to others (shown in narcissists)

87
Q

Happiness is associated with _______ drug use

A

lower

88
Q

What is the root of existential and humanistic approach to psychology?

A

phenomenology

89
Q
A

PS271 Final (4 decks)

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