CHAPTER 12: Humanistic & Positive Psychology Flashcards
What is humanistic psychology?
emphasizes aspects of psychology that are distinctly human
Humanistic psychology is closely related to __________ _________ and ____________
phenomenological approach and existentialism
What is the goal of humanistic psychology?
acknowledging and addressing the ways in which psychology is unique
Which uniquely human phenomena is most important?
free will and self-awareness
What are the 8 elements of humanistic psychology?
humanistic, holistic, historic, phenomenological, real life, positivity, will, value
What is meant by humanistic
study of humans, not animals
what is meant by phenomenological
interior, experiential, and existential aspects of personality
Phenomenology is the study of _______ ________
conscious experience
What is meant by construal
an individual’s particular experience of the world, or way of interpreting reality
T/F: your construal may be different from anybody else’s
True
_________ is related to the goals your pursue and the obstacles and opportunities your percieve
your construal
Situational construals are related to ________ and _________
personality and gender
Narcissism and construal
experience being the center of attention in a situation
Openness and construal
construe the situation as including intellectual and artistic stimulation
T/F: Women are more likely than men to perceive a potential for threat or blame
False
T/F: Women are more likely to perceive the need for people to be supportive and more likely to perceive a need to be assertive
True
What is introspection?
observing one’s own mental processes
Who founded the first psychological laboratory?
Wundt
Who did introspection?
Wundt
What is existentialism?
philosophical approach - focus on phenomenology (conscious experience), free will, meaning of life, and other questions of existence
Where is the origin of existentialism?
European
What are the 3 components of conscious experience?
Umwelt, mitwelt, eigenwelt
_________’s phenomenological analysis has 3 components
Binswanger
What is the umwelt component of phenomenological analysis?
biological experience - sensations you feel by being a biological organism
What is the mitwelt component of phenomenological analysis?
think and feel as a social being - emotions and thoughts about other people and yourself
What is the eigenwelt component of phenomenological analysis?
experience of experience itself - how you think and feel when you try to understand yourself and your existence
___________ is the result of introspection
eigenwelt
What is an example of umwelt?
pleasure, pain, heat, cold, and all other bodily sensations
What is an example of mitwelt?
thinking about someone you love, fear, admire
What is an example of eigenwelt?
inner experiences, observing your own mind and feelings.
What is thrown-ness?
time, place, and circumstances into which you happened to be born
Thrown-ness is ___________’s existential analysis
Heidegger
Existential anxiety is synonymous to _____
Angst
Angst is analyzed into 3 separate sensations:
anguish, forlornness, despair
The key idea of buddhism is _______
anatta
What does anatta mean?
“nonself” - single, isolated self is an illusion
What does anicca mean?
everything is temporary - all things will pass
What does nirvana mean?
state of selfless being resulting from achieving enlightenment
What are the 3 Buddhist viewpoints?
anatta, anicca, nirvana
Rogers and Maslow believed that people ____________________.
are basically good
Rogers said that people have a basic need to _______, that is, to maintain and enhance life.
actualize
Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow
Self-actualization only beomes active if ______ ______ are met first
basic needs
What is one of Maslow’s key points about money?
Money is most important when you have very little. After a certain point, it becomes less important to happiness
A fully functioning person faces the world without
fear, self-doubt, or neurotic defenses
A fully functioning person only results from
experiencing unconditional positive regard from important people in your life, especially during childhood
Rogers’ Conditions of Worth
we are good and valuable people only if we fulfill certain criteria ie. health, success, attractiveness, prosperous
Goal of Rogerian psychotherapy and humanistic psychotherapy
help the client become a fully functioning person
To help the client become a fully functioning person in psychotherapy, the therapist must
develop genuine caring relationship, provide unconditional positive regard
The sentence “bob sees the world as an evil place” is an example of
construal
Kelly’s theory of personality is called
personal construct theory
Kelly viewed constructs as
bipolar dimensions
What is meant by Kelly’s bipolar dimensions
scales ranging between one concept and its opposite (ie. good-bad, large-small, weak-strong)
What is Kelly’s favoured testing method?
Role Construct Repertory Test (Rep test)
What does the Rep Test do?
Asks you to identify 3 people who are important to you and 3 important ideas, then how those people and ideas are similar and different
After identifying people and ideas in the Rep Test, what does that do?
reveal constructs of how you view the world
What are chronically accessible constructs?
constructs that are more readily brought to mind in individuals
Where did Kelly believe constructs come from?
come from, but not determined by, past experience
What is the principle of parsimony (Occam’s razor)?
All other things being equal, the simplest theory is the best
In Kelly’s personal construct theory, what is meant by sociality corollary?
understanding another person requires understanding that person’s view of reality (construct system)
What is Kelly’s constructive alternativism?
You choose construals, they are not forced on you
What is the focus of positive psychology?
positive subjective experience, positive individual traits and positive institutions
What is the goal of positive psychology?
improve quality of life, prevent pathologies that arise when life is meaniningless
Positive psychology is the ______ of humanistic psychology
rebirth
Positive psychologists investigate ________, _________, and _______ _______ that promote happy and meaningful life
traits, processes, social institutions
Positive psychology focuses on human _____ instead of ______
strengths, faults
What are the 6 core virtues?
courage, justice, humanity (compassion), temperance, wisdom, transcendence
What are the 2 most universal virtues?
justice and humanity
Virtues
how people make themselves better
Positive psychology: 2 things to make the most of life
Mindfulness (aware and in control), and flow (state of consciousness)
Mindfulness meditation can help people suffering from _______ and _______
depression, anxiety
autotelic activisties
enjoyable for their own sake
Flow is characterized by
concentration, lack of distractibility
When skills and challenges are balanced, you experience ______.
flow
only people high in ______ __ _______ , benefit from activities meant to promote flow
locus of control
Flow is close to the opposite of _________
mindfulness
When does awe arise?
individuals encounter an entity that is vast and challenges their worldview
What are the 3 components of happiness?
overall life satisfaction, satisfaction in particular life domains (ie. relationship, career), high levels of positive emotion and low levels of negative emotion
Hedonic
pleasure and comfort
eudaimonic
meaningful life (full potential, helping others, building community)
Self-determination theory (SDT)
Eudononia
seeking intrinsic goals rather than extrinsic goals
What are the 3 sources of happiness?
set point, intentional activity, circumstances
What is a set point?
genetically influenced - extraversion (good) and neuroticism (bad)
T/F: more education, being married, and earning more money are associated with happiness
True
4 consequences of happiness
failure to recognize risk, happiness at the wrong time, trying to be happy can be counterproductive, arrogant happiness harmful to others (shown in narcissists)
Happiness is associated with _______ drug use
lower
What is the root of existential and humanistic approach to psychology?
phenomenology
