Chapter 12: Heart Flashcards
Most commonly caused by Left Sided Heart Failure
Right Sided Heart Failure
Most commonly arises from faulty embryogenesis during gestational weeks 3 through 8
Congenital Heart Disease
Most important causes are TOF, transposition of the great arteries, persistent Truncus Arteriosus, Tricuspid Atresia, and total anomalous pulmonary Venus connection
Right-to-left Shunts
Most common Genetic cause of congenial Heart Disease
Trisomy 21
Most common Congenital Heart Disease
Left-to-Right Shunts
Most common FORM of congenital heart disease
Ventricular Septal defect
Most common FORM of Right-to-Left shunts
TOF
Most common form of angina
Stable (typical) Angina
Part of the Heart that is most vulnerable to any reduction in coronary flow
Subendocardial (nontransmural) infarction
Most prominent between 1 and 3 days
Necrotic muscle elicits acute inflammation
Most noticeable by 2 to 7 days
Macrophages remove the necrotic myocytes
Most prominent at 1 to 2 weeks
Ingrowth of highly vascularized granulation tissue
Most sensitive and specific biomarkers of myocardial damage
Troponin T and Troponin I
Most frequently occur 2 to 4 days post MI
Free wall rupture
Most common cause of Rhythmic disorders
Ischemic Injury
Most common of all valvular abnormalities
Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Most common in women older than age 60 and individuals with Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral Annular Calcification
Most infections are bacterial
Infective Endocarditis
Most common site of Infection
Aortic and Mitral valves
Most consistent sign of Infective Endocarditis
Fever
Most common among the three major pattern of Cardiomyopathies
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Most common cause of Myocarditis
Viral Infections (Coxsackie A and B)
Most frequent type of pericarditis
Fibrinous and Serofibrinous pericarditis
Most classic clinical finding of fibrinous pericarditis
Pericardial friction rub
Most commonly caused by the spread of malignant neoplasm to the pericardial space
Hemmorrhagic pericarditis
Most common PRIMARY tumor of the ADULT Heart
Myxomas
Most frequent metastatic tumors involving the heart
Carcinomas of the Lung and breast
Most frequent PRIMARY tumor of the PEDIATRIC heart
Rhabdomyoma
ASD most common location
SECUNDUM MOST COMMON
Clinical consequence of TOF depends on
SUBAORTIC STENOSIS
TOGA, Pulmonary artery
LEFT VENTRICLE
ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY MEMBRANOUS ASD
PDA