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Pathology > Chapter 12: Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Heart Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Most commonly caused by Left Sided Heart Failure

A

Right Sided Heart Failure

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2
Q

Most commonly arises from faulty embryogenesis during gestational weeks 3 through 8

A

Congenital Heart Disease

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3
Q

Most important causes are TOF, transposition of the great arteries, persistent Truncus Arteriosus, Tricuspid Atresia, and total anomalous pulmonary Venus connection

A

Right-to-left Shunts

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4
Q

Most common Genetic cause of congenial Heart Disease

A

Trisomy 21

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5
Q

Most common Congenital Heart Disease

A

Left-to-Right Shunts

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6
Q

Most common FORM of congenital heart disease

A

Ventricular Septal defect

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7
Q

Most common FORM of Right-to-Left shunts

A

TOF

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8
Q

Most common form of angina

A

Stable (typical) Angina

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9
Q

Part of the Heart that is most vulnerable to any reduction in coronary flow

A

Subendocardial (nontransmural) infarction

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10
Q

Most prominent between 1 and 3 days

A

Necrotic muscle elicits acute inflammation

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11
Q

Most noticeable by 2 to 7 days

A

Macrophages remove the necrotic myocytes

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12
Q

Most prominent at 1 to 2 weeks

A

Ingrowth of highly vascularized granulation tissue

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13
Q

Most sensitive and specific biomarkers of myocardial damage

A

Troponin T and Troponin I

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14
Q

Most frequently occur 2 to 4 days post MI

A

Free wall rupture

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15
Q

Most common cause of Rhythmic disorders

A

Ischemic Injury

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16
Q

Most common of all valvular abnormalities

A

Calcific Aortic Stenosis

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17
Q

Most common in women older than age 60 and individuals with Mitral valve prolapse

A

Mitral Annular Calcification

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18
Q

Most infections are bacterial

A

Infective Endocarditis

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19
Q

Most common site of Infection

A

Aortic and Mitral valves

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20
Q

Most consistent sign of Infective Endocarditis

A

Fever

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21
Q

Most common among the three major pattern of Cardiomyopathies

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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22
Q

Most common cause of Myocarditis

A

Viral Infections (Coxsackie A and B)

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23
Q

Most frequent type of pericarditis

A

Fibrinous and Serofibrinous pericarditis

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24
Q

Most classic clinical finding of fibrinous pericarditis

A

Pericardial friction rub

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25
Most commonly caused by the spread of malignant neoplasm to the pericardial space
Hemmorrhagic pericarditis
26
Most common PRIMARY tumor of the ADULT Heart
Myxomas
27
Most frequent metastatic tumors involving the heart
Carcinomas of the Lung and breast
28
Most frequent PRIMARY tumor of the PEDIATRIC heart
Rhabdomyoma
29
ASD most common location
SECUNDUM MOST COMMON
30
Clinical consequence of TOF depends on
SUBAORTIC STENOSIS
31
TOGA, Pulmonary artery
LEFT VENTRICLE
32
ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY MEMBRANOUS ASD
PDA
33
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
FRIEDRICH ATAXIA
34
VIRAL ILLNESS MOST COMMON CAUSE
Myocarditis
35
30-50ml straw colored fluid in the sac is pericardial effusion
FALSE
36
Most common primary cardiac tumor
MYXOMA
37
Rhabdomyoma Morphology
SPIDER CELLS
38
Cause of hyaline arteriosclerosis
HPN
39
Most common site of atherosclerosis
AORTA
40
AORTIC ARCH
Takayasu
41
fixed 75% of lumen occlusion causes symptoms patient by stress
TRUE
42
Acute Coronary Syndrome due to unexpected stable plaque
FALSE
43
Irreversible myocyte injury occurs in 60mins
FALSE
44
Minimal criteria for diagnosis Hypertension heart Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the absence of other CArdiovascular Pathology, history or pathologic evidence of HPN
TRUE
45
Hallmark of Infective Endocarditis
PRESENCE OF VEGETATIONS CONTAINING FIBRIN, INFLAMMATORY CELLS, BACTERIA OR
46
Paraprotein seen in urine of Multiple Myeloma
LIGHT CHAIN IG
47
Dec granulocytes due to accelerated removal or destruction of neutrophil peripheral utilization due to bacterial infection Infectious mononucleosis
INC ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES
48
Hodgkins Lymphoma
B CELL
49
Burkitts Lymphoma
EBV
50
ASVD 1/3
DOWN SYNDROME
51
Cardiac myxoma
RIGHT ATRIUM
52
Myxoma epithelial in origin
FALSE
53
Rhbadosarcoma associated with tuberculous sclerosis
TRUE
54
Vit c, henoch- schnolein purpura, hypersensitivity reaction
BLOOD VESSEL ABNORMALITY
55
Presence of immature granulocyte on Peripheral Blood Smear
LEFT SHIFT
56
Dec M:E ratio
NORMOBLAST HYPERPLASIA
57
Microangiopathic hemolyticanemia
SCHISTOCYTES
58
Alpha thalassemia trait
2
59
Viral infection, autoantibody
ACUTE IMMUNE THORMBOCYTIC PURPURA
60
Pancytopenia
MEGALOBLASTICANEMIA
61
Pernicious anemia
ATROPHY OF GASTRIC GLANDS
62
Bleeding if platelets
LESS THAN 20K
63
Thymic hyperplasia
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
64
Spleen action is antibody production
TRUE
65
Stem cell defect resulting to megakaryocyte proliferation
ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTOSIS
66
Myxoma Most common site
LEFT ATRIUM
67
Diffuse interstitial fibrosis found in dilated cardiomyopathy
FALSE (RESTRICTIVE)
68
Leukemia Peripheral Blood Smear
(20% BLAST CELLS IN PBS OR BONE MARROW)
69
syphilis, atherosclerosis
AAA
70
Giant cell
GRANULOMA
71
Takayasu Arteritis
AORTIC ARCH
72
Polyarteritis Nodosa
FIBRINOID NECROSIS
73
Aortic dissection
MARFAN
74
Churg Strauss
EOSINOPHIL
75
Kawasaki: coronary artery
ANTIENDOTHELIAL
76
Drug penicillin
HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS
77
Inferior vena cava
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
78
Most common hemangioma
CAPILLIARY
79
Intermediate
HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
80
Most often caused by: Ischemic Heart Disease, HPN, Aortic and Mitral valvular diseases
Left Sided Heart Failure

Pathology (4 decks)

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