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AnaPhy Midterms > Chapter 12 : HEART > Flashcards

Chapter 12 : HEART Flashcards

1
Q

The seat of strong emotions

A

heart

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2
Q

a muscular organ that is essential for life because it pumps blood through the body

A

heart

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3
Q

A force which increases the pressure of the liquid above the pressure in the pipe

A

pump

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3
Q

The heart of a healthy adult addressed bumps approximately how many liters of blood per minute

A

5 L

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4
Q

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, and back to the left side of the heart through vessels of the

A

pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

The left side of the heart pumps blood, to all other tissues of the body, and back to the right side of the heart through vessels of the

A

systemic circulation

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5
Q

shape and size of the heart

A

blunt cone shape approximately size of a close fist

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6
Q

The heart generally decreases in size after approximately age

A

65 y/o

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7
Q

Larger flat part at the opposite end of the heart

A

base

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7
Q

Blunt around the point of the heart

A

Apex

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8
Q

The heart, trachea, esophagus and associated structures form a midline partition called

A

mediastinum

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9
Q

The heart is located in the _____ cavity between the two _____ cavity that surround the lungs

A

thoracic; pleural

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10
Q

The heart is surrounded by its own cavity, called

A

pericardial cavity

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11
Q

meaning of CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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12
Q

an emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if a persons heart stops

A

CPR

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13
Q

The heart lies in the ______ cavity

A

pericardial cavity

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14
Q

The pericardial cavity is formed by the ______ which surrounds the heart and uncles it within the mediastinum

A

pericardium

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14
Q

other term for pericardium

A

Pericardial sac

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15
Q

The outer layer is tough, fibrous connective tissue

A

fibrous pericardium

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16
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous Pericardium
  2. Serous Pericardium
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17
Q

The inner layer consists of flat epithe lial cells with a thin layer of connective tissue and is called the

A

Serous pericardium

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18
Q

The part lining the fibrous pericardium is the

A

parietal pericardium

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19
Q

the part covering the heart surface is the

A

visceral pericardium

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20
Q

other term for visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

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20
Q

helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium

A

pericardial fluid

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21
Q

located at the base of the heart

A

left and right atria or atrium

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22
Q

extend from the base of the heart toward the apex

A

right and left ventricles

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23
Q

extends around the heart separating the atria from the ventricle

A

coronary sulcus

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23
Q

extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the anteriror surface of the heart

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

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24
Q

extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart

A

posterior interventricular sulcus

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24
Q

how many large veins carry blood to the atrium of the heart

A

six

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25
Q

Carry blood from the body to the right atrium

A

superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava

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26
Q

carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

for pulmonary veins

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27
Q

do arteries that carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart

A

Great vessels or great arteries

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28
Q

arising from the right ventricle splits into the right, and left pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary Trunk

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29
Q

where pulmonary trunk split

A

pulmonary arteries

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30
Q

arising from the left, ventricle carries blood to the rest of the body

A

Aorta

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31
Q

four chambers of the heart

A

right and left atria right and left ventricle

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32
Q

blood enters the atria of the heart through blood vessels

A

Veins

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33
Q

primarily functions as reservoir where blood returning from veins collects before it enters the ventricles

A

atria

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34
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the three major openings

A
  1. superior vena cava
  2. inferior vena cava
  3. coronary sinus
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35
Q

drain blood from most of the body

A

superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava

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36
Q

drains blood from most of the heart muscle

A

smaller, coronary sinus

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37
Q

receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, which drain blood from the lungs

A

left atrium

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38
Q

The two atria are separated from each other by a partition called the

A

interatrial (between the atria) septum

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39
Q

They eject blood into the arteries and force it to flow through the circulatory system.

A

ventricles

40
Q

pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk

A

right ventricle

41
Q

pumps blood into the aorta

A

left ventricle

42
Q

The two ventricles are separated from each other by the muscular

A

interventricular (between the ventricles) septum

43
Q

The one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers is maintained by the

A

heart valves

44
Q

two types of heart valves:

A

atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

44
Q

is located between each atrium and ventricle

A

atrioventricular (AV) valve

45
Q

AV valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle has three cusps and is called the

A

tricuspid valve

46
Q

The AV valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle has two cusps and is called the

A

bicuspid valve

47
Q

other term for bicuspid valve

A

mitral valve

48
Q

These valves allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles but prevent it from flowing back into the atria.

A

Bicuspid or mitral valve

49
Q

Each ventricle contains cone-shaped, muscular pillars called

A

papillary muscles

50
Q

papillary muscles are attached by thin, strong, connective tissue strings called _______ _______ to the free margins of the cusps of the atrioventricular valves.

A

chordae tendineae

51
Q

is located between each ventricle and its associated great artery.

A

semilunar valve

52
Q

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

A

puimonary semilunar valve

53
Q

is located between the left ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

54
Q

When the ventricles relax, the pressures in the aorta and pulmonary trunk are (higher or lower) than in the ventricles.

A

higher

55
Q

A plate of connective tissue, sometimes called the

A

cardiac skeleton

56
Q

also serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles and provides a rigid attachment site for cardiac muscle

A

cardiac skeleton

56
Q

other term for cardiac skeleton

A

fibrous skeleton

56
Q

consists mainly of fibrous rings that surround the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and give them solid support

A

cardiac skeleton

57
Q

Two coronary arteries supply blood to the wall of the heart

A
57
Q

provide the pathway for blood through the heart wall.

A

Coronary arteries and cardiac veins

58
Q

two ____ ______ supply the heart

A

coronary arteries

58
Q

three major branches of left coronary artery

A
  1. anterior interventricular
  2. artery circumflex artery
  3. left marginal artery
59
Q

lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus

A

anterior interventricular artery

60
Q

extends around the coronary sulcus on the left to the posterior surface of the heart

A

circumflex artery

61
Q

extends inferiorly along the lateral wall of the left ventricle from the circumflex artery

A

left marginal artery

62
Q

originates on the right side of the aorta. It extends around the coronary sulcus on the right to the posterior surface of the heart

A

right coronary artery

62
Q

which lies in the posterior inter-ventricular sulcus.

A

posterior interventricular artery

62
Q

extends inferiorly along the lateral wall of the right ventricle

A

right marginal artery

63
Q

the thick, middle layer of the heart, the ______ is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for contraction of the heart chambers

A

myocardium

63
Q

The smooth inner surface of the heart chambers is the ______ which consists of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue

A

endocardium

64
Q

allows blood to move easily through the heart.

A

endocardium

65
Q

are formed by folds of endocardium that include a thick layer of connective tissue.

A

heart valves

65
Q

The surfaces of the interior walls of the ventricles are modified by ridges and columns of cardiac muscle called

A

trabeculae carneae

66
Q

are elongated, branching cells that contain one, or occasionally two, centrally located nuclei

A

Cardiac muscle cells

67
Q

The ____ and _____ myofilaments are responsible for muscle contraction, and their organization gives cardiac muscle a striated (banded) appearance much like that of skeletal muscle.

A

actin and myosin

67
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AnaPhy Midterms (6 decks)

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