Chapter 12 : HEART

Question 1

The seat of strong emotions

Answer 1

heart

Question 2

a muscular organ that is essential for life because it pumps blood through the body

Answer 2

heart

Question 3

A force which increases the pressure of the liquid above the pressure in the pipe

Answer 3

pump

Question 3

The heart of a healthy adult addressed bumps approximately how many liters of blood per minute

Answer 3

5 L

Question 4

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, and back to the left side of the heart through vessels of the

Answer 4

pulmonary circulation

Question 4

The left side of the heart pumps blood, to all other tissues of the body, and back to the right side of the heart through vessels of the

Answer 4

systemic circulation

Question 5

shape and size of the heart

Answer 5

blunt cone shape approximately size of a close fist

Question 6

The heart generally decreases in size after approximately age

Answer 6

65 y/o

Question 7

Larger flat part at the opposite end of the heart

Answer 7

base

Question 7

Blunt around the point of the heart

Answer 7

Apex

Question 8

The heart, trachea, esophagus and associated structures form a midline partition called

Answer 8

mediastinum

Question 9

The heart is located in the _____ cavity between the two _____ cavity that surround the lungs

Answer 9

thoracic; pleural

Question 10

The heart is surrounded by its own cavity, called

Answer 10

pericardial cavity

Question 11

meaning of CPR

Answer 11

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Question 12

an emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if a persons heart stops

Answer 12

CPR

Question 13

The heart lies in the ______ cavity

Answer 13

pericardial cavity

Question 14

The pericardial cavity is formed by the ______ which surrounds the heart and uncles it within the mediastinum

Answer 14

pericardium

Question 14

other term for pericardium

Answer 14

Pericardial sac

Question 15

The outer layer is tough, fibrous connective tissue

Answer 15

fibrous pericardium

Question 16

2 layers of pericardium

Answer 16

1. Fibrous Pericardium
2. Serous Pericardium

Question 17

The inner layer consists of flat epithe lial cells with a thin layer of connective tissue and is called the

Answer 17

Serous pericardium

Question 18

The part lining the fibrous pericardium is the

Answer 18

parietal pericardium

Question 19

the part covering the heart surface is the

Answer 19

visceral pericardium

Question 20

other term for visceral pericardium

Answer 20

epicardium

Question 20

helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium

Answer 20

pericardial fluid

Question 21

located at the base of the heart

Answer 21

left and right atria or atrium

Question 22

extend from the base of the heart toward the apex

Answer 22

right and left ventricles

Question 23

extends around the heart separating the atria from the ventricle

Answer 23

coronary sulcus

Question 23

extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the anteriror surface of the heart

Answer 23

anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 24

extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart

Answer 24

posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 24

how many large veins carry blood to the atrium of the heart

Answer 24

six

Question 25

Carry blood from the body to the right atrium

Answer 25

superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava

Question 26

carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Answer 26

for pulmonary veins

Question 27

do arteries that carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart

Answer 27

Great vessels or great arteries

Question 28

arising from the right ventricle splits into the right, and left pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lungs

Answer 28

Pulmonary Trunk

Question 29

where pulmonary trunk split

Answer 29

pulmonary arteries

Question 30

arising from the left, ventricle carries blood to the rest of the body

Answer 30

Aorta

Question 31

four chambers of the heart

Answer 31

right and left atria right and left ventricle

Question 32

blood enters the atria of the heart through blood vessels

Answer 32

Veins

Question 33

primarily functions as reservoir where blood returning from veins collects before it enters the ventricles

Answer 33

atria

Question 34

The right atrium receives blood from the three major openings

Answer 34

1. superior vena cava 2. inferior vena cava 3. coronary sinus

Question 35

drain blood from most of the body

Answer 35

superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava

Question 36

drains blood from most of the heart muscle

Answer 36

smaller, coronary sinus

Question 37

receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, which drain blood from the lungs

Answer 37

left atrium

Question 38

The two atria are separated from each other by a partition called the

Answer 38

interatrial (between the atria) septum

Question 39

They eject blood into the arteries and force it to flow through the circulatory system.

Answer 39

ventricles

Question 40

pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk

Answer 40

right ventricle

Question 41

pumps blood into the aorta

Answer 41

left ventricle

Question 42

The two ventricles are separated from each other by the muscular

Answer 42

interventricular (between the ventricles) septum

Question 43

The one-way flow of blood through the heart chambers is maintained by the

Answer 43

heart valves

Question 44

two types of heart valves:

Answer 44

atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves

Question 44

is located between each atrium and ventricle

Answer 44

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Question 45

AV valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle has three cusps and is called the

Answer 45

tricuspid valve

Question 46

The AV valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle has two cusps and is called the

Answer 46

bicuspid valve

Question 47

other term for bicuspid valve

Answer 47

mitral valve

Question 48

These valves allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles but prevent it from flowing back into the atria.

Answer 48

Bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 49

Each ventricle contains cone-shaped, muscular pillars called

Answer 49

papillary muscles

Question 50

papillary muscles are attached by thin, strong, connective tissue strings called _______ _______ to the free margins of the cusps of the atrioventricular valves.

Answer 50

chordae tendineae

Question 51

is located between each ventricle and its associated great artery.

Answer 51

semilunar valve

Question 52

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Answer 52

puimonary semilunar valve

Question 53

is located between the left ventricle and aorta

Answer 53

aortic semilunar valve

Question 54

When the ventricles relax, the pressures in the aorta and pulmonary trunk are (higher or lower) than in the ventricles.

Answer 54

higher

Question 55

A plate of connective tissue, sometimes called the

Answer 55

cardiac skeleton

Question 56

also serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles and provides a rigid attachment site for cardiac muscle

Answer 56

cardiac skeleton

Question 56

other term for cardiac skeleton

Answer 56

fibrous skeleton

Question 56

consists mainly of fibrous rings that surround the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and give them solid support

Answer 56

cardiac skeleton

Question 57

Two coronary arteries supply blood to the wall of the heart

Question 57

provide the pathway for blood through the heart wall.

Answer 57

Coronary arteries and cardiac veins

Question 58

two ____ ______ supply the heart

Answer 58

coronary arteries

Question 58

three major branches of left coronary artery

Answer 58

1. anterior interventricular 2. artery circumflex artery 3. left marginal artery

Question 59

lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 59

anterior interventricular artery

Question 60

extends around the coronary sulcus on the left to the posterior surface of the heart

Answer 60

circumflex artery

Question 61

extends inferiorly along the lateral wall of the left ventricle from the circumflex artery

Answer 61

left marginal artery

Question 62

originates on the right side of the aorta. It extends around the coronary sulcus on the right to the posterior surface of the heart

Answer 62

right coronary artery

Question 62

which lies in the posterior inter-ventricular sulcus.

Answer 62

posterior interventricular artery

Question 62

extends inferiorly along the lateral wall of the right ventricle

Answer 62

right marginal artery

Question 63

the thick, middle layer of the heart, the ______ is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for contraction of the heart chambers

Answer 63

myocardium

Question 63

The smooth inner surface of the heart chambers is the ______ which consists of simple squamous epithelium over a layer of connective tissue

Answer 63

endocardium

Question 64

allows blood to move easily through the heart.

Answer 64

endocardium

Question 65

are formed by folds of endocardium that include a thick layer of connective tissue.

Answer 65

heart valves

Question 65

The surfaces of the interior walls of the ventricles are modified by ridges and columns of cardiac muscle called

Answer 65

trabeculae carneae

Question 66

are elongated, branching cells that contain one, or occasionally two, centrally located nuclei

Answer 66

Cardiac muscle cells

Question 67

The ____ and _____ myofilaments are responsible for muscle contraction, and their organization gives cardiac muscle a striated (banded) appearance much like that of skeletal muscle.

Answer 67

actin and myosin