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Microbiology > Chapter 12 Flash cards > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flash cards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is mycology

A

The study of fungi, yeasts, molds, mushrooms

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2
Q

What are some of the rolls of fungi on the planet

A

Decompose dead plant matter
Help plant roots absorb water from soil
Human uses- food,produce foods(bread), drugs

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3
Q

Describe some of the features of yeasts

A

Single celled fungus

Nonfilamentous and unicellular

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4
Q

Explain a arachnida

A

Eight legs, spiders, mites, ticks

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5
Q

Explain a crustace

A

Four antennae: crabs, crayfish

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6
Q

Explain a insecta

A

Six legs, flies, bees, lice

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7
Q

Define dimorphism in yeasts

A

2 forms of growth, yeast like at 37 C

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8
Q

what is the hyphae on mold

A

filaments/fibers- a mass of hyphae is called a mycelium

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9
Q

what are vegetative hyphae

A

they obtain nutrients

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10
Q

what are aerial hyphae

A

involved with reproduction

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11
Q

what is the thallus

A

the fungal body

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12
Q

what is the mycelium

A

a mass of hyphae

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13
Q

how does asexual spores in fungi work

A

produced via mitosis and cell division

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14
Q

how do Fungi reproduce

A

sexually and asexually via the formation of spores

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15
Q

what is conidiospore

A

not enclosed in a sac

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16
Q

what is a sporangiospore

A

enclosed in a sac

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17
Q

what are sexual spores

A

require 2 opposite mating strains of same species- zygospores

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18
Q

nutritional adaptations of fungi include

A

grow better at a ph of 5
grow in high sugar and salt concentrations
can metabolize
grow in low moisture content

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19
Q

what are the 4 phyla of fungi

A
  1. Zygomycota- zygospores
  2. Microsporidia- no mitochondria
  3. Ascomycota- float around like dust
  4. Basidiomycota- mushrooms
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20
Q

systemic mycosis is

A

all around within the body- inhalation of spores

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21
Q

Subcutaneous mycosis is

A

beneath the skin, still localized

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22
Q

what is cutaneous mycoses

A

affect hair skin and nails- direct contact

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23
Q

what is superficial mycoses

A

localized ( hair shaft )

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24
Q

Economic effects of fungi

A

Saccharomyces- Hepatits B vaccine
Trichoderma- Cellulose
Taxomyces- anti cancer drug
Biocontrols- Kills fungi and termites

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25
Q

what is a lichen

A

mutualistic combination of a green alga and fungus

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26
Q

what is the morphology of lichens

A

Crustose- encrusted
Foliose- leaflike
Fruticose-Fingerlike

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27
Q

what is the medulla on a lichen

A

hyphae grown around algal cells

28
Q

what is the rhizine on a lichen

A

holdfast- hyphae projections below the body

29
Q

what is the cortex on a lichen

A

protective coating over the algal layer

30
Q

what are some of the uses of lichens in life

A

dyes for clothes
antimicrobial
food for herbivores

31
Q

Green algae

A

unicellular or multicellular
cellulose cell walls
gave rise to terrestrial plants

32
Q

Brown algae

A

Kelp
grown in great lengths
found in ice cream and in tires

33
Q

Red algae

A

allows them to absorb blue light

produce a lethal toxin- red tide

34
Q

what are diatoms

A

unicellular or filamentous

35
Q

what is domain acid

A

causes neurological disease

36
Q

what are dinoflagellates

A

plankton that is free floating and has cellulose in plasma membrane

37
Q

what does saxitoxins cause

A

paralytic shellfish poisoning which causes red tides

38
Q

what are oomycota

A

water mold.

39
Q

what did Phytophthora infesting cause

A

the Irish potato blight

40
Q

what are the roles of algae in nature

A

fix CO2
produces 80% of earth’s O2
Algal blooms
oil production

41
Q

what is a vector

A

arthropods that carry pathogenic microorganisms

42
Q

what is a Dioecious

A

separate male and female

43
Q

what is a monoecious

A

male and female reproductive systems in one animal

44
Q

what is paragonimus spp.

A

lung flunk found in raw crawfish

45
Q

what are cestodes

A

tape worms that have a scolex- head and a proglottids- body segments

46
Q

what is human as definitive host mean

A

harbor the adult

47
Q

Human as intermediate host

A

Harbor larval stage

48
Q

what are some features of a trematodes

A

flat and short
leaf shape
ventral and oral sucker
absorb food through cuticle

49
Q

Define definitive host

A

Where sexual reproduction happens

50
Q

Define intermediate host

A

Site of asexual reproduction

51
Q

What is Trophozoite

A

Feeding and growing stage

52
Q

What is pellicle

A

Require specialized structures to take in food

53
Q

What is giardia

A

Sever diarrheal disease

54
Q

Trichomonas

A

Causes trichomonasis

55
Q

Leishmania is transmitted by

A

Sand fly bite

56
Q

What causes African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma

57
Q

What is amebic dysentery

A

Results from cell lysis in the intestines

58
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii

A

Transmitted by cats, causes fetal infections and or still birth/ serious complications

59
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Transmitted via feces

Causes waterborne illness

60
Q

What causes malaria

A

Plasmodium

61
Q

Mechanical transmission

A

Brings fecal matter to the food aka fly

62
Q

Biological transmission

A

Transmitted through a vector

63
Q

Examples of disease caused by vectors

A

Arachnids and insects

64
Q

What is trichuris trichiura

A

Whip work

65
Q

What is enterobius vermicularis

A

Pin worm

66
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

A

Speed by mosquitoes and causes heart worm

67
Q

How can helminths live in a host

A

Lack digestive system
Reduced nervous system
Lack locomotion
Complex reproductive system

Microbiology (3 decks)

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