Chapter 10 Flash cards

Question 1

Define taxonomy

Answer 1

The science of classifying organisms

Question 2

Define systematics / phylogeny

Answer 2

Is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms

Ex.fossils, Genomes ( rRNA, DNA)

Question 3

How are organisms classified

Answer 3

No longer classify organisms accountable to common characteristics, now classified according to genetics

Question 4

What is the binomial nomenclature

Answer 4

Each organism designated by two names

Genus-capitalized ( usually a noun)
Species-lower case( usually an adjective)

Question 5

Classification system by order

Answer 5

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 6

What are the three domains

Answer 6

Eukarya- membrane bound organelles:animals, plants, fungi, protists

Bacteria- peptidoglycan in cells walls

Archaea- no peptidoglycan in cell walls

Question 7

What are the 4 kingdoms in the eukarya domain and describe characteristics of each

Answer 7

Protista- a catch all kingdom for a variety of organisms, auto and heterotrophic

Fungi- unicellular or multicellular

Plantae- multicellular,photosynthesis cell wall

Animalia- multicellular, NO cell walls chemoheterotrophic

Question 8

What is a eukaryotic species

Answer 8

A group of closely related organisms that breed amount themselves and produce fertile offspring

Ex.donkey

Question 9

What is a prokaryotic species

Answer 9

Is a population of cells with similar characteristics- usually reproduce asexually

Question 10

What is the most common method of prokaryotic reproduction

Answer 10

Binary Fission

Question 11

What is a clone

Answer 11

Is a population of cells derived from a single cell

Question 12

Define a prokaryotic strain

Answer 12

Many strains within a strain
Different locations and patients
Different mutations

Question 13

How do you differentiate different strains

Answer 13

Capital letters/ number after names

Ex.E.coli 0157: H7

Question 14

Explain the classification of viruses

Answer 14

Not a part of any domain; not composed of cells, require a host cell

Question 15

What is the definition of a viral species

Answer 15

Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche. What cells it can infect

Question 16

What are archaea and where can they be found

Answer 16

Prokaryotes-no peptidoglycan in cell walls
Often live in extreme environments
-methanogens
-extreme halophiles

Question 17

What are bacteria and where can they be found

Answer 17

Prokaryotes-prenucleus
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Divide via binary fission

Question 18

What is bacterial morphology

Answer 18

Spheres( Cocci)
Rods ( Bacilli)
Spirals

Question 19

What kingdom is fungi

Answer 19

Eukaryotes- have a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles

Question 20

What are some characteristics of fungi

Answer 20

Chitin cell wall

Absorb organic chemicals for energy

Question 21

Yeasts are what? And mushrooms are what

Answer 21

Yeasts are- unicellular

Mushrooms are-Multicellular

Question 22

What are Protozoa

Answer 22

Eukaryotes
Single celled
Absorb or ingest organic chemicals

Question 23

How do Protozoa move and what are they

Answer 23

They move by via cilia, flagella

Some are photosynthetic and come in variety of shapes and sizes

Question 24

What phylum is algae

Answer 24

Eukaryotes and unicellular or multicellular

Question 25

Algae have what type of cell wall and use what for energy

Answer 25

Cellulose cell wall | Photosynthesis for energy- produce oxygen and carbohydrates

Question 26

Where can algae be found

Answer 26

Freshwater, saltwater, and soil

Question 27

What two groups can multicellular animal parasites be found In

Answer 27

2 major groups of worms- flat and round worms

Question 28

Multicellular animals are what type of domain

Answer 28

Eukaryotes, and multicellular animals

Question 29

What are some characteristics of viruses

Answer 29

Acellular | Consists of DNA and RNA

Question 30

The virus core is surrounded by what and is called what

Answer 30

Protein coat and is called a capsid | - cost may be enclosed in a lipid envelope

Question 31

When do viruses replicate

Answer 31

Only when they are in a living host cell- but they insert outside of living host cell

Question 32

What are some examples of viruses

Answer 32

HIV Ebola virus Influenza Virus

Question 33

What domain contains eukaryotic cells

Answer 33

Fungi Protozoa Algae Multicellular animal parasites

Question 34

What domains contain prokaryotic cells

Answer 34

Archaea | Bacteria

Question 35

What does the letters in the strain mean

Answer 35

Designates strains or specific strains