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Microbiology > Chapter 10 Flash cards > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flash cards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define taxonomy

A

The science of classifying organisms

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2
Q

Define systematics / phylogeny

A

Is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms

Ex.fossils, Genomes ( rRNA, DNA)

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3
Q

How are organisms classified

A

No longer classify organisms accountable to common characteristics, now classified according to genetics

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4
Q

What is the binomial nomenclature

A

Each organism designated by two names

Genus-capitalized ( usually a noun)
Species-lower case( usually an adjective)

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5
Q

Classification system by order

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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6
Q

What are the three domains

A

Eukarya- membrane bound organelles:animals, plants, fungi, protists

Bacteria- peptidoglycan in cells walls

Archaea- no peptidoglycan in cell walls

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7
Q

What are the 4 kingdoms in the eukarya domain and describe characteristics of each

A

Protista- a catch all kingdom for a variety of organisms, auto and heterotrophic

Fungi- unicellular or multicellular

Plantae- multicellular,photosynthesis cell wall

Animalia- multicellular, NO cell walls chemoheterotrophic

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8
Q

What is a eukaryotic species

A

A group of closely related organisms that breed amount themselves and produce fertile offspring

Ex.donkey

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9
Q

What is a prokaryotic species

A

Is a population of cells with similar characteristics- usually reproduce asexually

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10
Q

What is the most common method of prokaryotic reproduction

A

Binary Fission

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11
Q

What is a clone

A

Is a population of cells derived from a single cell

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12
Q

Define a prokaryotic strain

A

Many strains within a strain
Different locations and patients
Different mutations

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13
Q

How do you differentiate different strains

A

Capital letters/ number after names

Ex.E.coli 0157: H7

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14
Q

Explain the classification of viruses

A

Not a part of any domain; not composed of cells, require a host cell

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15
Q

What is the definition of a viral species

A

Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche. What cells it can infect

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16
Q

What are archaea and where can they be found

A

Prokaryotes-no peptidoglycan in cell walls
Often live in extreme environments
-methanogens
-extreme halophiles

17
Q

What are bacteria and where can they be found

A

Prokaryotes-prenucleus
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Divide via binary fission

18
Q

What is bacterial morphology

A

Spheres( Cocci)
Rods ( Bacilli)
Spirals

19
Q

What kingdom is fungi

A

Eukaryotes- have a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles

20
Q

What are some characteristics of fungi

A

Chitin cell wall

Absorb organic chemicals for energy

21
Q

Yeasts are what? And mushrooms are what

A

Yeasts are- unicellular

Mushrooms are-Multicellular

22
Q

What are Protozoa

A

Eukaryotes
Single celled
Absorb or ingest organic chemicals

23
Q

How do Protozoa move and what are they

A

They move by via cilia, flagella

Some are photosynthetic and come in variety of shapes and sizes

24
Q

What phylum is algae

A

Eukaryotes and unicellular or multicellular

25
Q

Algae have what type of cell wall and use what for energy

A

Cellulose cell wall

Photosynthesis for energy- produce oxygen and carbohydrates

26
Q

Where can algae be found

A

Freshwater, saltwater, and soil

27
Q

What two groups can multicellular animal parasites be found In

A

2 major groups of worms- flat and round worms

28
Q

Multicellular animals are what type of domain

A

Eukaryotes, and multicellular animals

29
Q

What are some characteristics of viruses

A

Acellular

Consists of DNA and RNA

30
Q

The virus core is surrounded by what and is called what

A

Protein coat and is called a capsid

- cost may be enclosed in a lipid envelope

31
Q

When do viruses replicate

A

Only when they are in a living host cell- but they insert outside of living host cell

32
Q

What are some examples of viruses

A

HIV
Ebola virus
Influenza Virus

33
Q

What domain contains eukaryotic cells

A

Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Multicellular animal parasites

34
Q

What domains contain prokaryotic cells

A

Archaea

Bacteria

35
Q

What does the letters in the strain mean

A

Designates strains or specific strains

Microbiology (3 decks)

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