Chapter 10 Flash cards
Define taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms
Define systematics / phylogeny
Is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms
Ex.fossils, Genomes ( rRNA, DNA)
How are organisms classified
No longer classify organisms accountable to common characteristics, now classified according to genetics
What is the binomial nomenclature
Each organism designated by two names
Genus-capitalized ( usually a noun)
Species-lower case( usually an adjective)
Classification system by order
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the three domains
Eukarya- membrane bound organelles:animals, plants, fungi, protists
Bacteria- peptidoglycan in cells walls
Archaea- no peptidoglycan in cell walls
What are the 4 kingdoms in the eukarya domain and describe characteristics of each
Protista- a catch all kingdom for a variety of organisms, auto and heterotrophic
Fungi- unicellular or multicellular
Plantae- multicellular,photosynthesis cell wall
Animalia- multicellular, NO cell walls chemoheterotrophic
What is a eukaryotic species
A group of closely related organisms that breed amount themselves and produce fertile offspring
Ex.donkey
What is a prokaryotic species
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics- usually reproduce asexually
What is the most common method of prokaryotic reproduction
Binary Fission
What is a clone
Is a population of cells derived from a single cell
Define a prokaryotic strain
Many strains within a strain
Different locations and patients
Different mutations
How do you differentiate different strains
Capital letters/ number after names
Ex.E.coli 0157: H7
Explain the classification of viruses
Not a part of any domain; not composed of cells, require a host cell
What is the definition of a viral species
Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche. What cells it can infect
What are archaea and where can they be found
Prokaryotes-no peptidoglycan in cell walls
Often live in extreme environments
-methanogens
-extreme halophiles
What are bacteria and where can they be found
Prokaryotes-prenucleus
Peptidoglycan cell walls
Divide via binary fission
What is bacterial morphology
Spheres( Cocci)
Rods ( Bacilli)
Spirals
What kingdom is fungi
Eukaryotes- have a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles
What are some characteristics of fungi
Chitin cell wall
Absorb organic chemicals for energy
Yeasts are what? And mushrooms are what
Yeasts are- unicellular
Mushrooms are-Multicellular
What are Protozoa
Eukaryotes
Single celled
Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
How do Protozoa move and what are they
They move by via cilia, flagella
Some are photosynthetic and come in variety of shapes and sizes
What phylum is algae
Eukaryotes and unicellular or multicellular
Algae have what type of cell wall and use what for energy
Cellulose cell wall
Photosynthesis for energy- produce oxygen and carbohydrates
Where can algae be found
Freshwater, saltwater, and soil
What two groups can multicellular animal parasites be found In
2 major groups of worms- flat and round worms
Multicellular animals are what type of domain
Eukaryotes, and multicellular animals
What are some characteristics of viruses
Acellular
Consists of DNA and RNA
The virus core is surrounded by what and is called what
Protein coat and is called a capsid
- cost may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
When do viruses replicate
Only when they are in a living host cell- but they insert outside of living host cell
What are some examples of viruses
HIV
Ebola virus
Influenza Virus
What domain contains eukaryotic cells
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Multicellular animal parasites
What domains contain prokaryotic cells
Archaea
Bacteria
What does the letters in the strain mean
Designates strains or specific strains
