Chapter 12 Exam Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of the paranasal sinuses
Produce mucus
Lighten bones
Help produce sound
Add moisture to the air
The respiratory structure that holds the vocal cords is
Larynx
What are pulmonary tests
Tests to measure amount of ventilation in the lungs
Purpose/why are pulmonary function tests used
Evaluate patients with SOB
Assess lung function before surgery
What is the purpose of the pleura
It protects and softens lungs
How does the pleura assist in lung movement
Aloes fluid to come in to soften lungs to help them expand
Cystic fibrosis
An inherited disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to block airways and increase the risk of lung infections
How does cystic fibrosis affect the respiratory system and overall health
Prevents nutrient absorption
No cure
Will need lung transplant
Causes infertility, frequent infections, poor growth/weight gain, cough
Pulmonary embolism
Blood clot in lung, can cause some of lung to not expand/allow air in and could cause lack of oxygen which can lead to organ failure
Asthma
Narrowing/obstructed airway which can produce a wheezing sound
Symptoms of Asthma
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Increased mucus production
Cough
Fine crackling sounds heard with inhalation
Rales
Pneumonia and effects on alveoli
Infection of air sacs
Alveoli get inflamed and can fill with fluid/pus causing less oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Whooping cough
Bacterial infection characterized by violent coughing spasms that end in a whooping sound
Paranasal sinuses
4 hollow air filled spaces in the bones of the skull surrounding the nasal cavity
Sinusitis
Inflammation of paranasal sinuses due to infection or allergic reactions
What is in the hemoglobin
Oxygen is carried in
Listening to breathing with a stethoscope
Auscultation
Wheeze
High pitched whistles produced during breathing
Croup/RSV
Acute viral infection of infants or children with obstruction of the larynx accompanied by barking cough and strider
RSV is also known as
Croup is also known as
Stridor
High pitched sound heard on inhalation caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
Rales
Fine crackling heard when there is fluid in the alveoli
Pertussis
-Whooping cough is also known as
-Highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx larynx and trachea characterized by violent and sudden spasms of coughing that ends in a loud whooping inspiration
Cystic fibrosis
Inherited genetic disorder caused by gene mutation.
Rare about 35,000 Americans
Sticky mucus can catch germs and makes infections more likely
CF patients are usually small
Emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs that damage alveoli
Normal tidal volume
Normal volume of air exhaled between Norma inhalation and exhalation
Respiratory reserve
The maximum amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration
Expiratory reserve
The additional amount of air that can be expired from the lungs by determined effort after normal expiration
Total lung volume
Maximum volume of air the lungs can accommodate or sum of all volume compartments of volume of air in lungs after maximum inspiration
Pneumothorax
Air collected in plural cavity causing collapsed lung
Atelectasis
Obstruction causing air to not reach part of lung
Fluid collection in lungs that leads to lung collapse from something other than an obstruction
Pleural effusion
Fluid collects in pleural cavity
Pulmonary edema
Fluid collects in air sacs and bronchioles
Percussion
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure
Rhonchi
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
Sputum
Material expelled from the bronchi lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting
