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Psy 101 > Chapter 12: Emotion, Stress, and Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Emotion, Stress, and Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Components of Emotion

A

physiological- changes in bodily arousal
cognitive- appraisal and interpretation of feeling
behavioral- expression of emotion

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2
Q

Physiological Component

A

changes in bodily arousal like increased heart rate, body temp, and respiration

produced by autonomic nervous system
difference in intensity of emotion relates to sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight). parasympathetic works to calm people down

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3
Q

Cognitive Component

A
  1. evaluative thoughts people have about their emotional experiences
  2. appraisal of events that are producing the emotion

influencing how intensely we will experience the emotion.
interpretation shapes how people experience the emotion

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4
Q

Behavioral

A

express emotion through body language

6 fundamental emotions: anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, and disgust

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5
Q

3 Measurements of Emotions

A

behavioral displays of emotions

self-reports of emotions

psychophysiological reactions

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6
Q

Behavioral displays of emotion

A

observed by objective rater
actions, facial expressions

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7
Q

Self-rating of emotion

A

measure a person’s emotional experience

may be inaccurate and only provides limited feature

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8
Q

Physiological Reaction to stimuli

A

Facial Electromyography (EMG)- measures contraction of facial muscles. pleasant stimuli activates muscles involved in smiling. negative stimuli –> frowning

Heart Rate- unpleasant leads to lower heart rate, pleasant is associated with accelerated heart rate

Skin Conductance- high skin conductance -> more perspiration -> more arousal of emotion

Startle Reflex- measures involuntary movements like eye blinks

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9
Q

Cognitive Function of Emotions

A

help us organize our memories
help us prioritize our concerns and needs
may help us form judgement and make decision

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10
Q

Behavioral Function of Emotions

A

minimize negative emotions and maximize positive emotions

action tendencies

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11
Q

Social Functions of Emotions

A

emotions help coordinate relationships
can improve quality of emotions (sharing emotions can lead to intimacy and help form relationships)

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12
Q

James Lange Theory

A
  1. emotions. begins with perception of environment
  2. elicitation of physiological and behavioral change
  3. processed by the cortex and converted into emotion

appraisal lead to immediate physiological (SNS) reaction
typically leads to behavior
each emotion has unique SNS signature
people’s “experience” of emotion is an afterthought

ex. sam experienced high arousal and then interpreted it as anger
“I did not run because I was afraid. I felt afraid because I ran”

critic: predispose that every emotion has specific physiological response. fear of exam and fear of dog is different. not possible.

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13
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

After perceiving an event, thalamus simultaneously relays information about event to sympathetic nervous system and to part of brain that perceive emotion

aka. experience of emotion and activation of sympathetic nervous system happen at the same time

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14
Q

Schachter and Singer’s Two-Factor Theory

A
  1. emotions. begins with perception of environment
  2. elicitation of physiological and behavioral change
  3. cognitive label of emotion
  4. feels a specific emotion

arousal in all emotions is the same. undifferentiated arousal of SNS. cognitive label turns undifferentiated arousal into a specific emotion

cognition determines whether the state of physiological arousal will be labeled as “anger”, “joy”, “fear”, etc.

[read about experiment]

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15
Q

Cognitive-Meditational Theory
aka Appraisal Theory

A

Richard Lazarus

cognitive appraisal affects how people interpret physical arousal and the level of arousal itself

Not afraid of bear in zoo because we can assess that it is of no danger.

more on slides

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16
Q

Facial Feedback Theory

A

subjective experience of emotion are influenced by sensory feedback from facial muscle activity

facial efference- sensory feedback from facial muscular activity

Duchenne Smile

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17
Q

Evolutionary Theory

A

emotional expression serve as communicative function that is essential to survival.

certain emotions have been passed down through generations because they have played a key role in survival
basic emotions: surprise, interest, joy, rage, fear, disgust, shame, and anguish

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18
Q

Lewis’s Cognitive theory of Emotional Development

A

most emotions can be experienced and expressed only after particular cognitive abilities have developed.

babies are bored with limited capacity for emotional experience.
3 months: happiness, sadness, disgust
4-6 months: anger, surprise
7-8 months: fearfulness
18-24 months: objective self awareness
2-3 year: self-conscious evaluative emotions

19
Q

Izard’s Differential Emotions Theory

A

particular emotions become more prominent during specific life stages as they serve stage-related developmental processes

aka emotions evolve to help individual develop

20
Q

Thalamus

A

serves as a relay station for a great deal of incoming information in the brain, including emotions information

21
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

heightened activity in right when experienced negative emotion, and left when experienced positive emotions

involved in coordinating emotional responses

22
Q

Emotional Clarity

A

ability to accurately identify and distinguish one’s emotion

if we are able to better pinpoint our emotion, we can better understand the cause of emotion, the context, and make more appropriate actions

23
Q

Attention to Emotion

A

person’s tendency to take notice of, value, and focus on his/her mood.

more awareness of emotion = greater access to them, greater ability to use them in positive ways

24
Q

Emotional Intensity

A

strength to which an individual typically experience emotions

more emotional intensity = bigger emotional response

25
Q

Patterns of Emotional Response

A

hot cluster- high intensity, high attention to emotion, high clarity

cool cluster- low emotional intensity, attention, and clarity

overwhelmed cluster- average emotional attention, high emotional intensity, low emotional clarity

cerebral cluster- high emotional clarity, average emotional attention, low emotional intensity

26
Q

Regulation of Emotion

A
27
Q

Emotional dysregulation

A

unhealthy attempts to regulate demotion

ex. suppressing emotion

28
Q

Gender difference in emotions

A

women express emotions more often and more intensely than men

29
Q

Display Rules

A

cultural expectations that prescribe how, when, and by whom emotions should be expressed

play a role in difference of expression of emotion between gender and cultures

30
Q

Alexithymia

A

unable to identify and describe own emotions. often confuse emotions with symptoms of medical problems

31
Q

Hypervigilance

A

attend to emotions too much. tend to be more anxious

32
Q

Antisocial personality Disorder

A

too little emotion. incapable of caring deeply for others. more likely to violate needs of others

33
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

intense emotions that they are unable to regulate.
may show impulsivity or even resort to self mutilation

34
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances

35
Q

Panic Disorder

A

experience repeated panic attacks
more attentive to bodily sensations, experience more intense bodily sensations, more inclined to misinterpret their sensations

36
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

when obsessions or compulsion is excessive

37
Q

Depression and Mania

A
38
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

suffer only from depression

39
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

display alternation or mixture between mania and depression

40
Q

Acute Stressor

A

situation that trigger stress that is short term and has definite endpoint

41
Q

Chronic Stressor

A

situation that trigger stress that is long term and often lacks definite endpoint

42
Q

Four Kinds of Stress Experience

A

frustration- emotion people fee when thwarted in pursuit of a goal

pressure- expectation or demand that someone acts in a certain way. varies with difficulty of task

conflict- discomfort brought about by 2 or more goals perceived to be incompatible

danger- life threatening situations.

43
Q

3 basic types of conflict

A

approach-approach conflict- must choose between 2 equally desirable options

avoidance-avoidance conflict- choose between 2 equally undesirable options

approach-avoidance conflict- both have undesirable and desirable options, causes us to be ambivalent

44
Q
A

Psy 101 (12 decks)

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