Chapter 12 - Earthquakes

Question 1

strain

Answer 1

the change in shape or volume of a rock due to stress

Question 2

stress

Answer 2

the force exerted on a rock

Question 3

liquefaction

Answer 3

shaking causes groundwater to rise to the surface and mix with sandy or muddy soil creating a soupy quicksanc

Question 4

focus

Answer 4

the point where the earthquake occurs

Question 5

epicentre

Answer 5

the geographic spot on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

Question 6

Wadati-Benioff zone

Answer 6

the region in which faulting is associated on a subducting ocean slab

Question 7

surface waves

Answer 7

seismic waves that travel along the surface of earth; love waves and rayleigh waves

Question 8

body waves

Answer 8

seismic waves that travel through the earth; s and p waves

Question 9

p waves

Answer 9

primary compressional waves that travel the fastest; travel through fluids

Question 10

s waves

Answer 10

secondary shear waves that arrive after p waves; does not travel through fluids

Question 11

love waves

Answer 11

fastest surface waves; side to side motion of surface

Question 12

rayleigh wave

Answer 12

slowest seismic wave; surface wave that rolls like ocean waves

Question 13

s-p time interval

Answer 13

the time interval between s and p waves