Chapter 12 Ear, nose, oropharynx Flashcards
symptoms of otits media
runny nose fever irritability cough runny nose- rhinorrhoea
what type of mouthwash is chlorhexidine
antiseptic
what is otitis externa and what are the treatment options
Inflammatory reaction on outer ear
acetic acid- earcalm for mild symptoms
paracetamol for pain
if it doesnt get better refer to the GP who will predcribed otomize: neomycin and dexamethasone
what is otitis media
viral or bacterial
most common in children
self limiting in 3-7 days
if it gets better its viral and if not it is bacterial in which case use antibiotics
what is ear wax and when is it removed
what drops are used for ear wax
protective film in ear remove if it causes hearing loss or cant look into patients ear olive oil or almond drops are used sodium bicarbonate can be used for ear dryness
what is rhinitis and what treatment can be given
can be allergic or non allergic
allergens e.g tree or grass pollen, can depend on season sometime all year
non-allergic- blocked/runny nose, sneezing
allergic- blocked runny nose, itchiness
often self-limiting so gets better on its own
can give saline nasal drops/ spray for nasal congestion
warm moist air/ menthol and eucalyptus
what are nasal polys and how are they treated
nasal polyps- soft painless growths inside nose
dont used steroids if untreated nose infection
what are nasal decongestant and what age should they be avoided in
what is the max a pt can buy
ephedrine is better than oxymetazoline
7 days max. to reduce chnace of rebound congestion
avoid in under 6 years old
max pack size 180mg one pack at a time
ipratropium for vasomotor symptoms
chronic
sneezing, watery discharge
stuffy nose
medicines that cause dry mouth
ASDA T
antimuscarinics e.g hyoscine, oxybutynin salivary glands due to complications such as infections, obstruction, cancer diuretics Antipsychotics esp new gen TCA
example of mouth wash used for gingivitis
hydrogen peroxide (peroxyl) mouthwash used for gingivitis
what is chlorhexidine and its main side effect
stops plaque formation
can get as mouthwsh, spray or gel
used in gum disease and ulceration
main side- reversibly stains teeth and gum
what can be used for oral ulceration and inflammation
benzydamine hydrochloride
dilute mouthwashes with equal volume of water if causes stinging
flubiprofen lozenges- strefen honey and lemon- for sore throat
choline salicyclate- gel
other preps- doxycycline
what medications are used for pericoronitis and gingivitis
metronidazole or amoxicillin for 3 days
metro 1st line
when antibiotic is used for abscess- pocket of pus inside gum
amoxicillin or metronidazole for 5 days
1st line metronidazole
