Chapter 11 Eye Flashcards
counselling points for eye drops
wash hands
pull eyelid down to form a pocket
don’t touch eye, keep dropper clean
keep eye closed for 2 mins after putting drop inside eye
if using 2 different drops at the same time, wiat 5 mins
wait five minutes after putting in eye drops to put in eye ointment
what is the max amount of time most eye drops can be used for
4 weeks max
exeptions include sodium hyaluronate
eye drop used for allergic conjunctivitis
Antihistamines
sodium cromoglicate
eye drops used for Prophylaxis and treatment of inflammation e.g after eye surgery
NSAID eye drops e.g diclofenac
symptoms and treatment for Blepharitis
Symptoms: crusting on lashes and eye lid
Treatment: chloramphenicol ointment
advise that it can come back
conjuctivitis symptoms and treatment
symptoms: gritty, itchy, discharge
self limiting: lasts for 5 days
if doesnt get better use chloramphenicol
if not that fusidic acid
which specific antibiotic eye drops are used for the following causative bacterial infections
P. aeruginosa
corneal ulcers
C. trachomatis
staph infections- includes conjuctivitis, keratitis
P. aeruginosa- aminoglycosides
corneal ulcers- ciprofloxacin
C. trachomatis- azithromycin
staph infections- includes conjuctivitis, keratitis - fusidic acid: preferred in pregnancy
Chloramphenicol is broad spec so used for superficial eye infections
would use for 5 days
what is the chloramphenicol dose
1 drop every 2 hours for the first 48 hours then then 1 drop every 4 hours dor the next 3 days
max 5 days
can reduce frequency as infection controlled
if no difference or it gets worse after 48 hours then see GP
what virus can cause eye infections and what is the treatment
Herpes simplex
can also cause cold sores
antiviral such as aciclovir or ganciclovir eye drops
What is glaucoma
loss of visual field
due to increased intra-ocular pressure]can lead to optic nerve damage- leading to eye sight getting worse
examples of eye drops for glaucoma and aims of treatment
Prostaglandin analogue: latanoprost
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: brinzolamide, dorzolamide
beta blocker: timolol
sympathomimetic: brimonizine
aim: control intraocular pressure and stop getting worse
what are 1st 2nd and 3rd line for treatment of glaucoma
1st line: latanoprost
2nd line: beta blocker e.g timolol
3rd line: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
can be given alone or combo
most common preservative pts are allergic to
benzalkonium chloride
what are the side effects associated with medicines for glaucoma e.g latanoprost, timolol, dorzolamide/brinzolamide
stinging, itching, eye discomfort
Prostaglandin analogues can cause chnage in iris and eye lash hair colour
what is anterior uveitis and treatment
inflammation in th middle layer of eye- causes change to pupil size
causes redness and pain
treatment: pred forte (prednisolone), dexamethasone
