Chapter 12 Deck 8 (Slides 35-

Question 1

Most (99.99%) mutations are _____ to the

organism: causes cancer, genetic diseases, death

Answer 1

HARMFUL

Question 2

A few mutations are _______: no effect on the

organism

Answer 2

NEUTRAL

Question 3

_____ is an example of a neutral mutation

Answer 3

Albinism

Question 4

A Very few mutations can be _______: a source of

genetic variation; form a new gene

Answer 4

BENEFICIAL

Question 5

________ MUTATION – plants only – more than 2 sets of chromosomes

Answer 5

POLYPLOIDY

Question 6

_ _, _ _, _ _ plants have Polyploidy Mutations

Answer 6

3N, 4N, or 5N

Question 7

Plants with Polyploidy Mutations produce large plants with large _____. For example, big strawberries

Answer 7

fruits

Question 8

Cell _________ explains why, If all cells in an organism contain the exact same genes cells in an organism different from each other?

Answer 8

Differentiation

Question 9

most genes in a cell are permanently ____ ___ and can’t be turned back on

Answer 9

turned off

Question 10

(usually only __% of genes are on in a cell)

Answer 10

20

Question 11

only genes in a cell that are “__” are the genes that tell the cell what type of cell to be

Answer 11

ON

Question 12

______ _____ Expression: different cells have

different genes on and off

Answer 12

Differential Gene Expression

Question 13

The only cells that have ALL of their genes turned on are _____CELLS

Answer 13

STEM

Question 14

Stem cells are used in ______ because all of their genes are turned off. This means STEM CELLS can become ____ _____ OF CELL in the body

Answer 14

CLONING

ANY TYPE

Question 15

As an EMBRYO develops, it’s cells _______ by progressively shutting down different genes

Answer 15

DIFFERENTIATE