Chapter 12 Deck 3 (slides 9- 13)

Question 1

Each NUCLEOTIDE is made of 3 parts:

1. A 5-carbon sugar – _______
2. A ____ group
3. A ______ base

Answer 1

1. DEOXYRIBOSE
2. PHOSPHATE group
3. NITROGEN base

Question 2

There are 4 types of nitrogen bases:

Answer 2

adenine (A)

guanine (G)

thymine (T)

cytosine (C)

Question 3

adenine (A) and guanine (G) form ______s

Answer 3

PURINES

Question 4

thymine (T) and cytosine (C) form _______s

Answer 4

PYRIMIDINES

Question 5

the backbone of the DNA chain is formed from _____ and _______

Answer 5

sugar and phosphate

Question 6

the nitrogen bases stick out ______s from the chain and can be in any order

Answer 6

sideways

Question 7

_____’s RULE: The percentages of G and C bases and the percentages of A and T bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA

Answer 7

CHARGOFF’S

Question 8

Chargoff’s Rule  A = __ and C = __

Answer 8

A = T

C = G

Question 9

Rosalind Franklin Used technique called _____ ____________ to get information about the structure of the DNA molecule

Answer 9

X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Question 10

In X-Ray Diffraction Rosalin Franklin Aimed x-ray beam at concentrated DNA samples and then recorded the ________ pattern of the x-rays on film

Answer 10

scattering

Question 11

In X-Ray diffraction the pattern on the photograph showed that the strands of DNA nucleotides were ____ed around each other like the coils of a spring (a shape known as a ______) and that there were 2 strands in the structure

Answer 11

COILed

Helix

Question 12

The scattering pattern in Rosalind Franklin’s X-Ray Diffraction also showed that the nitrogen bases were located near the _____ of the molecule

Answer 12

middle

Question 13

_____ and _______ a 3D MODEL of the molecule out of cardboard and wire based on that was presently known about DNA at that point

Answer 13

Watson and Crick

Question 14

Watson and Crick’s work showed that DNA’s structure was actually a ____ ______ (“twisted ladder”)

Answer 14

DOUBLE HELIX

Question 15

The double helix was made of 2 STRANDS OF ________s wound around each other

Answer 15

NUCLEOTIDES

Question 16

In the double helix of the DNA structure the n-bases of each strand are connected in the middle by weak forces called _______ BONDS

Answer 16

HYDROGEN

Question 17

Watson and Crick also found that only A and T would bond together and only C and G would bond together by hydrogen bonds. This is called the ______ ______ Rule, and also explains Chargoff’s Rule

Answer 17

Base Pairing