Chapter 12: Crude Oil

Question 1

What is crude oil

Answer 1

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons have different lengths therefore different boiling points.

SUMMARISATION: HYDROCARBONS ARE MOLECULES WHICH CONTAIN CARBON AND HYDROGEN ATOMS

Question 2

The process of separating crude oil is…

Answer 2

Crude oil can be separated by a process called ‘Fractional Distallation’

Fractional Distallation separates crude oil into different fractions according to their boiling point

Question 3

Formation of fossil fuels

Answer 3

Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years from the fossilised remains of dead plants and animals. When the plants and animals died, they fell to the sea or swamp floor

Occasionally the remains were covered quickly by sediment. In the absence of oxygen, the remains did not decay. Over time, more layers of sediment gradually built up. The lower layers became heated and pressurised forming fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, so crude oil is a finite resource.

Question 4

Problems with fossil fuels

Answer 4

The burning of fossil fuels mainly causes ‘Air pollution’ … During their combustion, harmful gases, such as:
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
soot and smog

(Plus sulphur dioxide and oxide of nitrogen which are acid rain)

Crude oil is also running out and we’re burning too much.

Question 5

Greenhouse effect

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide levels are continually building up and are contributing to global warming. Co2 is very effective in the earths atmosphere at keeping the earth warm. As the levels of co2 increase less of the Suns rays are escaping which has led to the earths tempature increasing.

Question 6

Carbon monoxide

Answer 6

This is produced when a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen called ‘Incomplete combustion’. It is colourless and odourless and stops haemoglobin in the blood transporting oxygen around the body.

Question 7

Crude oil

Answer 7

Many of the materials we use today come down from crude oil.

Crude oil is a dark brown,thick, smelly liquid. It’s another fossil fuel, formed from dead plants and animals millions of years ago and were buried in sediment, heat and pressure them into crude oil.

Question 8

Crude oil uses…

Answer 8

Bottled gases
Plastics
Road tar

Unto cation fools

Air craft fuel
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