Chapter 12 - Continental Drift

Question 0

What are 3 signs of continental drift?

Answer 0

Jigsaw puzzle, geological structures, matching fossils

Question 1

What is the continental drift theory?

Answer 1

Continents weren’t always in their present locations and were once one big continent, overtime it drifted apart

Question 2

What is paleoglaciation?

Answer 2

Old glaciers that leave rock markings behind

Question 3

Where were the coal deposits?

Answer 3

In Antarctica

Question 4

What was the key question to Wegener’s theory?

Answer 4

What makes continental drift?

Question 5

What are tectonic plates?

Answer 5

Earth broken into large movable slabs

Question 6

What are volcanoes? Where are they formed?

Answer 6

Openings in earths surface, when active they spew out gases and chunks of melted rock.

Usually around plate boundaries

Question 7

What is an earthquake? And where is it found?

Answer 7

Ground shaking release of energy at or under earths surface

Found usually near plate boundaries

Question 8

What is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

Answer 8

Ridge going from north to south down the Atlantic Ocean

Question 9

What is magnetic reversal?

Answer 9

Earths magnetic polarity switches making north become south and vice versa

Question 10

What is paleomagnetism?

Answer 10

The study of magnetic properties in old rocks

Question 11

Explain magnetic striping.

Answer 11

Pattern of stripes in the direction of earths polarity on the sea floor.

Question 12

What is magma?

Answer 12

Molten rock beneath earths surface which rises bc it is LESS dense and cools around the material surrounding it

Question 13

what is a spreading ridge?

Answer 13

Region where magma breaks through earths surface spreading the sea floor apart making new sea floor

Question 14

Sea floor spreading?

Answer 14

When magma rises in the spreading ridge, it spreads the sea floor adding in new sea floor

Question 15

What is a hot spot?

Answer 15

Molten rock rises to earths surface

Question 16

What is the lithosphere?

Answer 16

Made up of the crust and the upper mantle. Tectonic plates form the lithosphere

Question 17

What is the layers of earth?

Answer 17

1) earths crust > made from solid granite and basalt
2) upper mantle> liquid
Lower mantle> solid
3) outer core> liquids
4) inner core> solid

Question 18

What is the asthenosphere?

Answer 18

Partly molten layer in the upper mantle below the lithosphere

Question 19

Mantle convection?

Answer 19

Currents in the mantle that moves the plates

Question 20

What is ridge push?

Answer 20

New ridge comes up from sea floor pushing older material apart

Question 21

What is Rift Valley?

Answer 21

Spreading centre that occurs in land

Question 22

What is oceanic ridge?

Answer 22

Spreading ridge occurs in oceans

Question 23

What is subduction?

Answer 23

Action of one plate pushing below another.

Question 24

What are seismic waves?

Answer 24

Vibrations released by an earthquake.

Question 25

What is seismology?

Answer 25

The study of earthquakes and seismic waves.

Question 26

What are L- waves?

Answer 26

Surface waves, which roll along earths surface, and are last to arrive.

Question 27

What are S-waves?

Answer 27

Secondary waves, are second to arrive, travel through solids not liquids and the ground motion is perpendicular to direction of wave travel.

Question 28

What are P-waves?

Answer 28

Primary waves, they are first to arrive, travel through solids, liquids and gases and ground squeezes and stretches in direction of waves travel.

Question 29

What is slab pull?

Answer 29

When the slab subduct under the mantle

Question 30

What is a Plate boundary?

Answer 30

Region where 2 tectonic plates touch

Question 31

What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?

Answer 31

1) divergent plate > plates are spreading apart
2) convergent plate > plates collide
3) transform plate > plates slide past each other

Question 32

What is oceanic-continental plate?

Answer 32

When the oceanic and continental plates meet, the oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate bc of its density

Question 33

What is a trench?

Answer 33

Deep underwater trench valley

Question 34

What is a volcanic belt?

Answer 34

Long chain of volcanoes

Question 35

What is oceanic-oceanic plate?

Answer 35

2 oceanic plates collide, the denser one subducts

Question 36

What is a volcanic island arc?

Answer 36

A long chain of volcanoes formed by convergence

Question 37

What is continental-continental plate?

Answer 37

When both plates collide, subduction doesn’t occur because of similar densities. They collide instead and form mountain ranges

Question 38

What is a transform plate?

Answer 38

Convection currents in mantle make plates slide past each other

Question 39

What are faults?

Answer 39

Breaks in rock layers due to sliding movement

Question 40

Transform fault?

Answer 40

Fault that occurs at a transform plate

Question 41

What is the focus?

Answer 41

The location of the earthquake where it starts

Question 42

What is the epicentre?

Answer 42

Point in earths surface directly about the focus

Question 43

What is a cone volcano?

Answer 43

A large volcano formed by molten spewing out from the volcano which then later forms after it hardens.

Lots of Lava, very violent, gas pressures buildup to have huge explosion

Form in subduction zones

Question 44

What is a shield volcano?

Answer 44

Largest volcano, forms under hot spots, magma is thinner and less eruptive

Question 45

What is a rift eruption?

Answer 45

Eruptions that happen through earths crust from the mantle, milder than cone volcano

Near ocean ridges or continental crust