Chapter 12: Change of State

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid and gas

Question 2

What change of state occurs in melting?

Answer 2

solid to liquid

Question 3

What change of state occurs in vaporisation?

Answer 3

liquid to gas

Question 4

What change of state occurs in condensation?

Answer 4

gas to liquid

Question 5

What change of state occurs in freezing?

Answer 5

liquid to solid

Question 6

What is the arrangement and motion of particles like in a solid?

Answer 6

The atoms are in a regular pattern, and tightly packed. They vibrate about a fixed position; they do not move freely.

Question 7

What is the arrangement and motion of particles like in a liquid?

Answer 7

The atoms are in an irregular pattern, but still tightly packed. They can flow, and the particles vibrate.

Question 8

What is the arrangement and motion of particles like in a gas?

Answer 8

They are moving, freely and randomly - they have no fixed position. They have a quick constant movement.

Question 9

What happens to bonds during melting and vaporisation?

Answer 9

The particles vibrate faster and with a larger amplitude, because they gain kinetic energy. The temperature increases, the bonds weaken, allowing the particles to move more freely, thus a change in state.

Question 10

What happens to bonds during freezing and condensation?

Answer 10

The particles vibrate slower, and with a smaller amplitude because they lose kinetic energy. The temperature decreases, the bonds strengthen, making the particles more fixed in position, thus a change in state.