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Bio 233 Exam 3 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

The basic functional units of the nervous system.

A

Neurons

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2
Q

________ receive synapse form other Neurons.

A

Dendrites.

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3
Q

These two things connect to dendrites.

A

Telodendrians and synaptic knobs.

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4
Q

What carries action potential/electrical impulses?

A

Neurons.

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5
Q

Area where a neuron communicates with another cell.

A

Synapse.

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6
Q

Presynaptic cell?

A

Neuron that sends message.

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7
Q

Postsynaptic cell?

A

Cell that receives message.

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8
Q

Chemical messengers?

A

Neurotransmitters.

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9
Q

Where are neurotransmitters released?

A

Presynaptic membrane.

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10
Q

What affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane?

A

Neurotransmitters.

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11
Q

Neurotransmitters are broken down by _______.

A

enzymes.

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12
Q

Where are neurotransmitters reassembled?

A

At the synaptic knob.

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13
Q

Group of cells.

A

Neuroglia.

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14
Q

Sensory neurons that monitor internal environment.

A

Visceral sensory neurons.

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15
Q

Sensory neurons that monitor effects of external environment.

A

Somatic sensory neurons.

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16
Q

Receptor that monitor internal systems (digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive).

A

Interoceptors.

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17
Q

Receptor that monitors internal senses. (taste, deep pressure, pain)

A

Interoceptors.

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18
Q

Receptor that monitors external senses ( touch, temperature, pressure)

A

Exteroceptors.

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19
Q

Receptor that monitors distance senses ( sight, smell, hearing)

A

Exteroceptors.

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20
Q

Receptor that monitors position and movement (skeletal muscle and joints)

A

Proprioceptors.

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21
Q

Carry instructions from CNS to peripheral effectors.

A

Motor Neurons.

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22
Q

What does a motor neuron use to carry instructions from CNS To peripheral effectors?

A

Efferent fibers ( Axons).

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23
Q

Innervate skeletal muscles.

A

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

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24
Q

innervate all peripheral effectors except skeletal muscles.

A

Autonomic nervous system .

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25
half the volume of the nervous system.
Neuroglia.
26
4 types of neuroglia cells in the CNS.
Ependymal cells. Astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes. Microglia.
27
Assist the nervous system in carrying information.
Neuroglia cells.
28
______ circulates through brain and down spinal cord.
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
29
What secretes cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal Cells.
30
Forms epithelium called ependyma.
Ependymal cells.
31
Have cilia or microvilli that circulate CSF.
Ependymal cells.
32
Contain stem cells for repair.
Ependymal cells.
33
A chemical isolation filter.
Blood brain barrier.
34
What maintains the blood brain barrier?
Astrocytes.
35
What repairs damaged neural tissue?
Astrocytes.
36
What controls interstitial environment ?
Astrocytes.
37
Wrap around axons to form myelin sheaths.
Oligodendrocytes.
38
Increases speed of action potentials.
Myelination.
39
Makes nerves appear white.
Myelination.
40
Makes myelin sheaths in CNS.
Oligodendrocytes.
41
What disease causes a hardening of the myelin sheath?
Multiple sclerosis.
42
Region of CNS with many myelinated nerves.
White matter.
43
Unmyelinated areas of CNS.
Gray matter.
44
_____ migrate through neural tissue.
Microglia.
45
______ clean up cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens.
Microglia.
46
Neurons that cannot regenerate.
CNS neurons.
47
Neurons that can regenerate.
PNS neurons.
48
Neuroglia cells of the PNS.
Satellite cells. | Schwann cells.
49
Axon distal to injury degenerates.
Wallerian degeneration.
50
PNS cell that Form path for new growth
Schwann cells.
51
Make myelin sheaths in PNS.
Schwann cells.
52
This system acts as the hard drive of the body.
CNS.
53
Another name for action potentials.
Electrical impulses.
54
What does our brain use to communicate to the rest of the body?
Action potentials/ electrical impulses.
55
Propagate changes in transmembrane potential.
Action potentials.
56
__________ affect an entire excitable membrane.
Action potentials.
57
Link graded potentials at cell body with moto end plate actions.
Action potentials.
58
What's the All-or-None principle?
Action potential either happens or doesn't.
59
If a stimulus exceeds threshold amount....
The action potential is the same, no matter how large the stimulus.
60
When you push your muscles harder, action potential is increasing its what?
Frequency.
61
3 Groups of axons?
Type A, B, and C.
62
What 3 characteristics classify axons?
Diameter. Myelination. Speed of action potentials.
63
Fastest type of fiber?
Type A fibers.
64
Fibers with large diameter?
Type A.
65
Are Type A fibers myelinated?
yes.
66
High speed fibers. speed?
Type A. (140m/sec)
67
Which fibers carry rapid info to and from CNS?
Type A.
68
Are Type B fibers myelinated?
Yes.
69
Fibers with medium diameter?
Type B.
70
Medium speed fibers. Speed?
Type B (18m/sec)
71
Fibers that carry intermediate signals.
Type B.
72
Sensory info and peripheral effectors are examples of which fibers?
Type B.
73
Position, balance, touch, and motor impulses are examples of which type of fibers?
Type A.
74
Are type C fibers myelinated?
No.
75
Fibers with small diameter?
Type C. (1m/sec)
76
Fibers that carry slower information?
Type C.
77
Involuntary muscle, gland controls are examples of which type of fibers?
Type C.
78
A cholinergic synapse is any synapse that releases...
ACh.
79
Step 1 of cholinergic synapse.
Action potential arrives, depolarizes synaptic knob.
80
Step 2 of cholinergic synapse.
Calcium ions enter synaptic knob, trigger exocytosis of ACh..
81
Step 3 of cholinergic synapse.
ACh binds to receptors, depolarizes postsynaptic membrane.
82
Step 4 of cholinergic synapse.
AChE breaks ACh into acetate and choline.
83
A synaptic delay of 0.2-0.5 msec occurs between...
Arrival of action potential at synaptic knob and effect on post synaptic membrane.
84
Fewer synapses means _____ response.
faster.
85
Synaptic fatigue.
Occurs when neurotransmitter can't be recycled fast enough to meet demands of intense stimuli.
86
Synapse inactive until ____ is replenished.
ACh.

Bio 233 Exam 3 (4 decks)

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