Chapter 12

Question 1

Senescence

Answer 1

a gradual physical decline related to aging, occurs in everyone and in every body part, but rate of decline is highly variable within and b/w persons

Question 2

What are the 3 body functions to protect adults from recognizing senescence?

Answer 2

1. Organ reserve
2. homeostasis
3. allosatasis

Question 3

Organ reserve

Answer 3

Exact capacity built into each organ, such as heart and lungs, that allows a person to cope with extraordinary demands or to withstand organ strain

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

§ Adjustment of all body’s systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment

Question 5

Allostasis

Answer 5

Dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that over time affects overall physiology

Question 6

Infertility

Answer 6

The inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year

Question 7

In vitro fertilization

Answer 7

a technique in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a woman and fertilized with sperm in a lab and after original fertilized cells (zygotes) have divided several times, they are inserted into woman’s uterus)

Question 8

What are the 4 causes of severe brain loss before late adulthood?

Answer 8

1. Drug use
2. poor circulation
3. viruses
4. genes

Question 9

Menopause

Answer 9

the time in middle age, usually around 50, when a woman’s menstrual periods cease and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops

Question 10

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Answer 10

taking hormones (in pills, patches, or injections) to compensate for hormone reduction

Question 11

Andropause

Answer 11

a term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass (also called male menopause)

Question 12

What are the 4 ways health is measured?

Answer 12

1. Mortality
2. Morbidity
3. Disability
4. Vitality

Question 13

Stressor

Answer 13

any situation, event, experience, or other stimulus that causes a person to feel stressed

Question 14

Problem-focused coping

Answer 14

a strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly

Question 15

Emotional-focused coping

Answer 15

a strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor rather than changing stressor itself

Question 16

General Intelligence

Answer 16

idea of g assumes that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. According to this concept, people have varying levels of this general ability

Question 17

Flynn effect

Answer 17

the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

Question 18

Seattle longitudinal study

Answer 18

the first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence. This began in 1956 and the most recent testing was completed in 2013

Question 19

Fluid intelligence

Answer 19

those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough. Abilities such as short-term memory, abstract thought, and speed thinking are all usually considered part of fluid intelligence

Question 20

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 20

those types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning. Vocabulary and general info are examples. Some developmental psychologists think crystallized intelligence increases with age, while fluid intelligence declines

Question 21

Analytic intelligence

Answer 21

a form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, and information processing, as well as verbal and logical skills

Question 22

Creative Intelligence

Answer 22

a form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative

Question 23

Practical Intelligence

Answer 23

the intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving (sometimes called tacit intelligence)

Question 24

What are Robert Sternberg’s 3 fundamental forms of intelligence?

Answer 24

1. Analytic
2. Creative
3. Practical