Chapter 12

Question 1

When does stranger wariness appear?

Answer 1

• 6 months

Question 2

When do self- conscious (complex) emotions like pride, guilt, embarrassment appear?

Answer 2

• 15 to 24 months

Question 3

This is when in ambiguous situations infants looks to parents for cues to interpret the situation

Answer 3

• Social referencing

Question 4

When does regulation of emotions begin?

Answer 4

• Infancy (will look away or will move closer to parent when they encounter something frightening or confusing)

Question 5

These are behavioural styles that are fairly stable across situations

Answer 5

• Temperament

Question 6

Temperament refers to __________ based differences in children’s emotional reactivity and self regulation

Answer 6

biologically

Question 7

Thomas and Chess identified 3 patterns of temperament. What are they?

Answer 7

1. Easy
2. Difficult
3. Slow-to-warm

Question 8

This kind of baby has a regular pattern of eating, sleeping, and toileting. It adapts to new situations and shows low intensity reactions. (40 % babies)

Answer 8

• Easy baby

Question 9

This baby has a less predictable schedule, withdraws from new situations, and reacts intensely to stimuli (10%)

Answer 9

• Difficult baby

Question 10

What are slow to warm babies like?

Answer 10

• Adapt poorly to changing situations, less active (15%)

Question 11

The degree of ______ __ ___________ determines the degree of influence of infant temperament on later development

Answer 11

• Goodness of fit

Question 12

How stable is temperament?

Answer 12

• Moderately stable through infancy, childhood, and adolescence
• Fearful preschoolers tend to be inhibited as older child and adolescent
• Inhibited children more likely to be introverted adults
  (Research also reveals many instances where temperament is not related to adult personality)

Question 13

This is the enduring social- emotional relationship between infant and parent

Answer 13

Attachment

Question 14

Infants have identified a single attachment figure by ___ months

Answer 14

• 7

Question 15

Infants prefer fathers for ____, and mothers for ______

Answer 15

• play, comfort

Question 16

Ainsworth’s strange situation tasks measures a baby’s reaction to ______ and ______ to test the ______ of attachment

Answer 16

• Separation, reunion

- Quality

Question 17

There are ___separations and __ reunions in the strange situation procedure

Answer 17

• 2

- 2

Question 18

Ainsworth listed 4 options for the quality of attachment. What are they?

Answer 18

1. Secure
2. Insecure- avoidant
3. Insecure- resistant
4. Disorganized (disoriented)

Question 19

A baby with _____ attachment may be upset when parent leaves, but stops crying on return

Answer 19

• Secure

Question 20

A baby with _____-________ attachment is not upset when a parent leaves and ignores them on return

Answer 20

-Insecure- avoidant

Question 21

A baby with ______-______ attachment is upset when a parent leaves, and angry and inconsolable on return

Answer 21

-Insecure- Resistant

Question 22

A child with ___________ attachment is confused when a parent leaves and still confused on return

Answer 22

• Disorganized

Question 23

_________ consequences of secure attachment are shown in later social relationships

Answer 23

• Positive

Question 24

Predictable and responsive parenting is important for ______ attachment

Answer 24

• Secure

Question 25

An infant needs a consistent internal working model. What is this?

Answer 25

• Expectations of consistent availability and responsiveness during stress

Question 26

Parents’ attachment to their own ________ may influence responsiveness to their own children

Answer 26

• Parents

Question 27

At what age do infants show basic emotions in facial expressions? (Joy, anger, surprise, interest, disgust, sadness, fear)? And identify facial expressions associated with different emotions

Answer 27

• 4 to 6 months