Chapter 12 Flashcards
When does stranger wariness appear?
- 6 months
When do self- conscious (complex) emotions like pride, guilt, embarrassment appear?
- 15 to 24 months
This is when in ambiguous situations infants looks to parents for cues to interpret the situation
- Social referencing
When does regulation of emotions begin?
- Infancy (will look away or will move closer to parent when they encounter something frightening or confusing)
These are behavioural styles that are fairly stable across situations
- Temperament
Temperament refers to __________ based differences in children’s emotional reactivity and self regulation
biologically
Thomas and Chess identified 3 patterns of temperament. What are they?
- Easy
- Difficult
- Slow-to-warm
This kind of baby has a regular pattern of eating, sleeping, and toileting. It adapts to new situations and shows low intensity reactions. (40 % babies)
- Easy baby
This baby has a less predictable schedule, withdraws from new situations, and reacts intensely to stimuli (10%)
- Difficult baby
What are slow to warm babies like?
- Adapt poorly to changing situations, less active (15%)
The degree of ______ __ ___________ determines the degree of influence of infant temperament on later development
- Goodness of fit
How stable is temperament?
- Moderately stable through infancy, childhood, and adolescence
- Fearful preschoolers tend to be inhibited as older child and adolescent
- Inhibited children more likely to be introverted adults
(Research also reveals many instances where temperament is not related to adult personality)
This is the enduring social- emotional relationship between infant and parent
Attachment
Infants have identified a single attachment figure by ___ months
- 7
Infants prefer fathers for ____, and mothers for ______
- play, comfort
Ainsworth’s strange situation tasks measures a baby’s reaction to ______ and ______ to test the ______ of attachment
- Separation, reunion
- Quality
There are ___separations and __ reunions in the strange situation procedure
- 2
- 2
Ainsworth listed 4 options for the quality of attachment. What are they?
- Secure
- Insecure- avoidant
- Insecure- resistant
- Disorganized (disoriented)
A baby with _____ attachment may be upset when parent leaves, but stops crying on return
- Secure
A baby with _____-________ attachment is not upset when a parent leaves and ignores them on return
-Insecure- avoidant
A baby with ______-______ attachment is upset when a parent leaves, and angry and inconsolable on return
-Insecure- Resistant
A child with ___________ attachment is confused when a parent leaves and still confused on return
- Disorganized
_________ consequences of secure attachment are shown in later social relationships
- Positive
Predictable and responsive parenting is important for ______ attachment
- Secure
An infant needs a consistent internal working model. What is this?
- Expectations of consistent availability and responsiveness during stress
Parents’ attachment to their own ________ may influence responsiveness to their own children
- Parents
At what age do infants show basic emotions in facial expressions? (Joy, anger, surprise, interest, disgust, sadness, fear)? And identify facial expressions associated with different emotions
- 4 to 6 months
