Chapter 12

Question 1

Cognitive growth continues through ?

Answer 1

throughout life

Question 2

Throughout life vocabulary and pragmatics skills especially continue to grow:
But with aging, there is a slow decline in ?

Answer 2

language comprehension, understanding syntactically complex sentences, and inferencing

Question 3

If a child is exposed to a second language after what age will she have an accent?

Answer 3

Age 8

Question 4

Early exposure to a second language leads to :

Answer 4

Better judgments of grammatical correctness

Question 5

What kind of benefits does fluent bilingualism have for both children and adults:

Answer 5

great linguistic and cognitive benefits

Question 6

Research in Canada (Ellen Bialystok) showed:

Answer 6

Bilingual adults (French & English) had 5-7 years later onset of dementia than those with monolingual skills.

Question 7

Pleasure reading may decline in adolescence, especially for ?

Answer 7

Boys

Question 8

The biggest change in adolescents and adults is in executive function. What is executive function?

Answer 8

the ability to engage actively with print and to read and write with purpose

Question 9

Posnick-Goodwin (2015). The great divide: Print or digital? California Educator, 19(7), 37-39.

Looked at the preferences of current students and research about digital vs. print books

Answer 9

Current Middle school kids said they prefer print books than digital books.
Most college students prefer print to digital.
Students feel: Retain more w/ print, very distracted when reading digitally.

Question 10

Jantz, G.L. (2012). #hooked: The pitfalls of media, technology, and social networking. Lake Mary, Florida: Charisma Media.

How many Facebook users are there worldwide?
How many hours do Facebook users spend logged on, in one month?

Answer 10

There are 500 million Facebook users worldwide, or 1 out of every 13 people on earth

Many Facebook users spend 24 hours a month logged on to Facebook

Question 11

How many active monthly users does Instagram have?

How many U.S. Instagram users in 2015?

Answer 11

300 Million

77.6 Million

Question 12

According to DailyMail how many tasks do we use our smart phones to carry out every day?

Answer 12

221 tasks

Question 13

According to DailyMail many of us pick up our phones more than _____ times each week?

Answer 13

1500 times

Question 14

According to DailyMail average owners use their phones for how many hours in a day?

Answer 14

3hrs, and 16 min

Question 15

Gold, 2015

Once Children hit the tween years 10-12, how many hours do they spend texting a day?

Answer 15

One hour

Question 16

Gold, 2015
How many text messages does they average
teen 13-17, send a month?

Answer 16

3339

Question 17

Gold 2015

What percentage of teens use social networking sites?

Answer 17

80%

Question 18

Expository monologues is:

Answer 18

when a speaker is teaching information to others.

Question 19

Children, adolescents, and adults use greater ______

_____ during expository monologues that in regular conversations.

Answer 19

Syntactic Complexity

Question 20

There is an increase in use of bridging devices to provide continuity, also increases use of ?

Answer 20

Dependent Clauses

Question 21

Adverbial Disjuncts :

Answer 21

Comment on the speakers attitude toward the content of the connected sentence.

e.g. Honestly, to my surprise, in my opinion.

Question 22

Adverbial Conjuncts:

Answer 22

More common in literature than conversations .
Cohesive and connective devices signaling a logical relationship between sentences.
To conclude, as a result of, never the less

Question 23

The ability to defy idioms increases with ?

Answer 23

Age

Question 24

Some older people may have increased difficulties in ?

Answer 24

Word retrieval and naming

Question 25

Many older people use _____ _______

such as “things” in place of specific names.

Answer 25

Indefinite words

Question 26

What decreases in working memory

Answer 26

Reflects

Question 27

Conversational Abilities

Teen utterances are contingent, what does contingent mean?

Adults use topic shading, what is topic shading?

Answer 27

Contingent: related to what was just said

Topic Shading: this utterance includes some aspect of the preceding utterance but shifts the focus of concern.
e.g.Speaker A: “Can you believe that Game of Thrones is going into another season?”
Speaker B: “Yeah, some of my favorites are going into another season too. Can’t wait till the next season of Big Bang Theory. I wonder what’s going to happen with Sheldon and Amy.”

Question 28

Older adults: Less accurate in answering questions about a ______ they have just heard or read.
Possibly due to the decline in _____ ______.

Answer 28

Narrative

Working Memory

Question 29

Narratives of seniors have more words, but contain more _____ ______.

Answer 29

Irrelevant content

Question 30

Speaking Styles:
Often adults use clear speech-listener oriented and used on formal occasions.
What are some examples ?

Answer 30

Slower, more pauses, greater pitch range, more precise articulation.

Question 31

Gender Differences:
Remember ______
influences.

Answer 31

Cultural

Question 32

Gender Differences:

Who uses more polite words like please and thank you ?

Answer 32

Women

Question 33

Men talk ___ in public and ____ at home.

Answer 33

More in public.

Less at home.

Question 34

Men tend to lecture, while women view themselves as ?

Answer 34

Conversational facilitaros.

Question 35

Adult Listeners are more likely to interrupt a ____ then a ____.

Answer 35

Woman, then a man.

Question 36

What do men rarely converse about ?

They use conversations as opportunities for ?

Answer 36

Personal feelings

Debater or Competition

Question 37

Women see conversation as a way to ?

Answer 37

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