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Language Development > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What number does US rank in the world per-pupil spending?

A

4th

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2
Q

In what 2 subjects is the US lower than other countries in ?

A

Math and Reading

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3
Q

15 year old americans are in what zone in reading? in math? falling behind which two countries?

A

middle zone for reading. low/bottom in math. Estonia and Solvenia.

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4
Q

What are the biggest language changes?

A

Semantics and Pragmatics

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5
Q

what is metalinguistic ability?

A

ability to think about language.

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6
Q

what skills do children have to have in order to draw and write at this age?

A

fine motor skills/ gross motor skills?

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7
Q

what becomes increasingly important and what continues to develop?

A

peers become important. theory of mind continues to develop.

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8
Q

At what age is metalinguistic ability fully achieved.

A

7-8 years old

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9
Q

what is a noun/ noun phrase?

A

noun: person, place, think or idea noun phrase: a sentence role filled both people and objects.

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10
Q

At what age do children become better at using pronouns appropriately?

A

6 years old

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11
Q

What are noun reflexives?

A

“himself, herself” begin to use at 6 years old.

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12
Q

What are mass nouns?

A

Homogenous, non-individualized substances EX: water, sand , air

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13
Q

What are count nouns?

A

heterogenous, individualized substance. EX: tomato, pencil

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14
Q

Are verb phrases harder or easier than noun phrases?

A

harder

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15
Q

At what age should irregular verbs be achieved?

A

8 years old. irregular verbs develop slowly. EX: caught, slid, blew

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16
Q

Sentences become what?

A

longer and more sophisticated- more varied

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17
Q

At what age do children begin to understand passive sentences?

A

5 years old.

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18
Q

____% of __-__ years old produce full passive sentences.

A

80% of 7.5-8 years old.

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19
Q

Complex sentences have what?

A

independent and dependent clause. EX: WE WILL GO TO THE MOVIES (independent) if we have enough money (Dependent)

20
Q

Compound sentence have what?

A

Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. EX: I went the movies (independent) AND my mom bought us popcorn. (independent)

21
Q

Where is morphological really stressed in?

A

The common core state standards.

22
Q

What are derivational suffixes?

A

Change in word classes. EX: Root word: Attach(verb) Derivational suffix: -ment Attachment: changed in to a noun.

23
Q

What are the three uses of -ER?

A

First: Mark the initiator of an action. Mastered at 8 years old. Ex: paintER, preachER

Second: Marks an instrument for accomplishing an action. Mastered at 11 years old. EX: erasER, blowER

Third: Used as a comparative. Mastered in mid-elementary. EX: smallER, StrongER

24
Q

5 year olds have an expressive vocabulary of how many words? 1st graders? 6th graders?

A

5year olds: 2200 words 1st graders: 2600 words but can understand 8,000-10,000 english root words. 6th graders: 50,000 words

25
Q

What are taxonomies?

A

categories. EX: fruits, tools, weather

26
Q

What are themes?

A

bound by an event. EX: cake, presents, candies = birthday party

27
Q

Do younger children relate more to themes or taxonomies?

A

themes

28
Q

Why is previous knowledge so important to vocabulary acquisition?

A

because children need to relate it to their previous experience

29
Q

Where do children mostly learn the ability to define words?

A

at school. it is related to metalinguistic skills

30
Q

What is slow map?

A

Add features beyond the functional and physical aspects of something.

31
Q

Laura Justice ASHA school conference research: What are Tier 1 words?

A

very common, usually learned without direct planning EX: car, book

32
Q

What are Tier 2 words, and why do we need to teach them?

A

High in frequency vocal for mature language users. EX: Glossy

We need to teach them because they go across the curriculum ( common core stand.)

33
Q

What are Tier 3 words?

A

highly specialized words EX: Peninsula

34
Q

Children learn to respond to _____ and _____ in the classroom.

A

questions and requests.

35
Q

with is the IRE format?

A

teacher Initiates

child Responds

teacher Evaluates the childs response

36
Q

as children mature that become better at what?

A

indirect requests.

introduce, sustain,and close/switch topics

repair a conversational breakdown

37
Q

ASHA Schools Conference, Middle School, Pamela Wiley: Wiley said what about middle school kids?

A

children look for peer support

increase social pressure

ch. are more independent, less reliant on family

struggle with social expectations

increase on superficial qualities

social hierarchies (mostly girls)

38
Q

Rosslyn Delmonico: Delmonico said what?

A

small talk is important as a bonding ritual

we need to help students with this especially if they have ASD (autism spectrum disorder)

start with eye contact, smile, next is greeting

can throw a ball for turn taking

39
Q

Rosslyn D. ways of graceful change in topics are?

A

“by the way…” “that makes me think of …” “this is off topic but…” “this is kind of random, but you just made me think of…”

40
Q

Narratives reflect what?

A

the storytellers experience

41
Q

Being a good storyteller enhances a child’s what?

A

self image

group identification within their families

communicative skills

42
Q

what are the four types of narratives?

A
  1. Stories: known patterns-main characters overcomes a challenge.
  2. Reccounts: adult requests a child to tell about past experiences.
  3. Eventcast: explanation of some current or anticipated event.
  4. Account: highly individualized spontaneous story where child shares experiences
43
Q

Children need to develop a story grammar (components and rules of a story). What are they?

A
  1. Setting:introduce characters
  2. Initiating an event: action,seeking event
  3. Internal Response: Characters reactions, thoughts, intentions, motivations
  4. Internal plan: strategies for attaining goals
  5. Attempt: characters action to attain goals
  6. Direct consequence: Success or failure
  7. Reaction: characters emotional response to the outcomes of event
44
Q

what is code switching?

A

demonstrates the continuing separation of two languages

45
Q

What is recommended for children who speak African American English? (AAE)

A

be proficiantely, bidialectal using AAE with friends and family. Mainstream english use at school.

Language Development (3 decks)

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