Chapter 10 Flashcards
What number does US rank in the world per-pupil spending?
4th
In what 2 subjects is the US lower than other countries in ?
Math and Reading
15 year old americans are in what zone in reading? in math? falling behind which two countries?
middle zone for reading. low/bottom in math. Estonia and Solvenia.
What are the biggest language changes?
Semantics and Pragmatics
what is metalinguistic ability?
ability to think about language.
what skills do children have to have in order to draw and write at this age?
fine motor skills/ gross motor skills?
what becomes increasingly important and what continues to develop?
peers become important. theory of mind continues to develop.
At what age is metalinguistic ability fully achieved.
7-8 years old
what is a noun/ noun phrase?
noun: person, place, think or idea noun phrase: a sentence role filled both people and objects.
At what age do children become better at using pronouns appropriately?
6 years old
What are noun reflexives?
“himself, herself” begin to use at 6 years old.
What are mass nouns?
Homogenous, non-individualized substances EX: water, sand , air
What are count nouns?
heterogenous, individualized substance. EX: tomato, pencil
Are verb phrases harder or easier than noun phrases?
harder
At what age should irregular verbs be achieved?
8 years old. irregular verbs develop slowly. EX: caught, slid, blew
Sentences become what?
longer and more sophisticated- more varied
At what age do children begin to understand passive sentences?
5 years old.
____% of __-__ years old produce full passive sentences.
80% of 7.5-8 years old.
Complex sentences have what?
independent and dependent clause. EX: WE WILL GO TO THE MOVIES (independent) if we have enough money (Dependent)
Compound sentence have what?
Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. EX: I went the movies (independent) AND my mom bought us popcorn. (independent)
Where is morphological really stressed in?
The common core state standards.
What are derivational suffixes?
Change in word classes. EX: Root word: Attach(verb) Derivational suffix: -ment Attachment: changed in to a noun.
What are the three uses of -ER?
First: Mark the initiator of an action. Mastered at 8 years old. Ex: paintER, preachER
Second: Marks an instrument for accomplishing an action. Mastered at 11 years old. EX: erasER, blowER
Third: Used as a comparative. Mastered in mid-elementary. EX: smallER, StrongER
5 year olds have an expressive vocabulary of how many words? 1st graders? 6th graders?
5year olds: 2200 words 1st graders: 2600 words but can understand 8,000-10,000 english root words. 6th graders: 50,000 words
What are taxonomies?
categories. EX: fruits, tools, weather
What are themes?
bound by an event. EX: cake, presents, candies = birthday party
Do younger children relate more to themes or taxonomies?
themes
Why is previous knowledge so important to vocabulary acquisition?
because children need to relate it to their previous experience
Where do children mostly learn the ability to define words?
at school. it is related to metalinguistic skills
What is slow map?
Add features beyond the functional and physical aspects of something.
Laura Justice ASHA school conference research: What are Tier 1 words?
very common, usually learned without direct planning EX: car, book
What are Tier 2 words, and why do we need to teach them?
High in frequency vocal for mature language users. EX: Glossy
We need to teach them because they go across the curriculum ( common core stand.)
What are Tier 3 words?
highly specialized words EX: Peninsula
Children learn to respond to _____ and _____ in the classroom.
questions and requests.
with is the IRE format?
teacher Initiates
child Responds
teacher Evaluates the childs response
as children mature that become better at what?
indirect requests.
introduce, sustain,and close/switch topics
repair a conversational breakdown
ASHA Schools Conference, Middle School, Pamela Wiley: Wiley said what about middle school kids?
children look for peer support
increase social pressure
ch. are more independent, less reliant on family
struggle with social expectations
increase on superficial qualities
social hierarchies (mostly girls)
Rosslyn Delmonico: Delmonico said what?
small talk is important as a bonding ritual
we need to help students with this especially if they have ASD (autism spectrum disorder)
start with eye contact, smile, next is greeting
can throw a ball for turn taking
Rosslyn D. ways of graceful change in topics are?
“by the way…” “that makes me think of …” “this is off topic but…” “this is kind of random, but you just made me think of…”
Narratives reflect what?
the storytellers experience
Being a good storyteller enhances a child’s what?
self image
group identification within their families
communicative skills
what are the four types of narratives?
- Stories: known patterns-main characters overcomes a challenge.
- Reccounts: adult requests a child to tell about past experiences.
- Eventcast: explanation of some current or anticipated event.
- Account: highly individualized spontaneous story where child shares experiences
Children need to develop a story grammar (components and rules of a story). What are they?
- Setting:introduce characters
- Initiating an event: action,seeking event
- Internal Response: Characters reactions, thoughts, intentions, motivations
- Internal plan: strategies for attaining goals
- Attempt: characters action to attain goals
- Direct consequence: Success or failure
- Reaction: characters emotional response to the outcomes of event
what is code switching?
demonstrates the continuing separation of two languages
What is recommended for children who speak African American English? (AAE)
be proficiantely, bidialectal using AAE with friends and family. Mainstream english use at school.
