Chapter 12 Flashcards
Why were manufacturers interested in overseas expansion?
They wanted access to natural resources such as rubber, palm oil, petroleum and manganese
Many Western leaders felt they needed colonies and a global empire to….
strengthen national security
What is a sphere of influence?
an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
Which was NOT a factor that contributed to European imperialism in the 1800s?
Europe’s depleted population
Contributing factors:
political and military motives
social darwinism
humanitarian and religious goals
Western critics of imperialism complained that…
colonialism was immoral
During the colonial times, what kind of rule did the French use?
direct rule
What did anti-imperialist argue about colonialism?
it was a tool of the rich
In the 1800s, empires in the Middle East, India, Africa, and China had…
grown weak and disorganized
This was NOT a economic force behind “New Imperialism”
New belief in the theory of natural selection to societies
Many Westerns felt their culture was
better than non-Western cultures
To avoid bloodshed, European leaders met at an international conference in 1884 to discuss the future of Africa. What was this conference called?
Berlin Conference
The best known explorer and missionary was Dr. David Livingstone. He opposed slavery and felt the only way to end the slave trade was to….
open up the interior of Africa to Christianity and trade.
What is another name for Islamic Law?
sharia
What country controlled much of northern and west-central Africa?
France
Because of horrifying reports of abuse in the Congo, King Leopold had to turn over control of his personal colony to….
the Belgian government
Which THREE African leaders resisted European imperialism?
Yaa Asantewaa, Nehanda, Samori Toure
Port cities on the eastern part of Africa carried on profitable trade. They shipped ivory and copper from Central Africa, but most often their cargo was…
slaves
The migration of several thousand Boer families to the north was called…
the Great Trek
Dr. Livingstone had not been heard of for many years. In 1871, who tracked him down and uttered the famous phrase, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”
Henry Stanley
To help freed slave resettle in Africa, the British organized ___ and former slaves from the United States settled in ___
Sierra Leone, Liberia
How did Britain gain control of the Suez Canal?
It bought shares in the canal from Egypt
How were efforts to modernize problematic for the Ottoman Empire?
They led to population growth and conflict over foreign influence
Foreign interest in Persia increased after…
oil was discovered
Who emerged in the Ottoman Empire insisting the only way to save the empire was through reform?
Young Turks
Why did Russia and Britain compete for power in Persia?
To expand their sphere of influence and control oil
Which group became a victim of genocide by the Turks?
the Armenians
Choose all of the causes of the decay of the Muslim empires
a. central governments had lost control over powerful groups (Correct)
b. corruption was widespread (Correct)
c. resistance to the building of the Suez Canal
d. Muslim scholars and religious leaders were influencing the government (Correct)
Russia wanted to make a move in Ottoman territory to gain control of the Bosporous and the Dardanelles. What does controlling these two areas do for Russia?
It gives them access to the Mediterranean Sea
Who organized a company to build the Suez Canal?
Ferdinand de Lesseps
What force began to tear apart the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s?
nationalism
The British sent more troops to India as an occupying force. Who paid for these troops to be there?
the Indian people through taxes
Britain set up a system of colonial rule in India called…
the British Raj
What was the main goal of the East India Company?
to make money
One benefit of British rule in India was
a fairer legal system.
Better transportation and communication in India led to…
the development of a sense of national unity
The British were able to conquer India by…
exploiting its diversity
How did the British view the Indian culture in the 1800s?
A few respected it, most did not like it
In what way did India’s diversity help the British take control?
India, with many cultures, could not unite to resist the British
Ram Mohun Roy was a great scholar that felt Indians should follow some of the Western ways and also keep their own Indian culture. Because of this he is know as …
the founder of Indian Nationalism
What was one result of the Sepoy Rebellion?
India was ruled by the British
Picture of different world leaders carving up China represents…
spheres of influence
The Sino-Japanese War showed that…
while China remained backward, Japan had modernized
How did the Opium War start?
Britain refused China’s demand to stop selling opium
What did British traders hope to achieve by continuing to trade in opium?
They hoped to end the trade deficit and create huge profits
What group was behind the Boxer Uprising?
Righteous Harmonious Fists
Emperor Guang Xu launched something that was to change schools, the military, and the bureaucracy. What did he call this?
Hundred Days of Reform
Which THREE of the following were a part of the Treaty of Nanjing?
a. China opened five ports to foreign trade.
b. British citizens in China had the right to live under British laws and be tried in British courts.
c. The British gained Hong Kong.
d. The British gained the island of Taiwan.
a, b, and c (d is incorrect)
In 1860 the government launched the “self-strengthening movement.” Many Western ideas were brought in but the movement made limited progress because….
the government did not rally behind it
The Open Door Policy proposed…
having equal access to Chinese trade for the Western powers
What caused the European trade deficit?
The Europeans were importing silk, porcelain, and tea in exchange for gold and silver
