Chapter 12 Flashcards
What are the main features that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
The presence of a nucleus and membrane bound compartments
Each organelle contains a distinct set of what that defines their cellular function?
Enzymes
What is tightly packed with organelles and contains very little free space?
The cytosol
What organelle contains many metabolic pathways and is the main site for protein synthesis?
Cytosol
Intracellular membrane bound organelles occupy how much of the cell?
Half the volume of a cell
What is this organelle?
- It is one of the most distinct organelles within the cell
- It typically occupies a central location within a cell
- It is used to distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes

The nucleus
What organelle houses the majority of the genomic material in the cell, is the site of DNA and RNA synthesis and uncouples transcription and RNA processing from translation?

The nucleus
Positioning of many intracellular organelles is dependent on their association with what?

Cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and actin filaments)
What organelle is responsible for sorting of endocytosed material?

Endosomes
What organelle synthesizes most of the lipids and synthesizes proteins for distribution to many organelles and the plasma membrane?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What are continuous with the nuclear envelope and exist as an extensive network?

ER tubules
What are the four kinds of endoplasmic reticulum?
- Smooth ER2. Rough ER3. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum4. Transitional ER
Which ER is ribosome free and is responsible for lipid metabolism?
Smooth ER
Which ER has bound ribosomes and is responsible for protein synthesis?
Rough ER
Which ER is responsible for calcium handling and storage?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which ER is smooth ER subtype, ER to golgi traffic?
Transitional ER
What are the main functions of the ER?
- Storage and production of glycogen2. Carbohydrate addition to proteins3. Protein folding, assembly and degradation4. Lipid and protein biosynthesis (for other organelles)
In polarized cells, what is always positioned between the nucleus and the direction of cell movement?

The Golgi
What appears as a series of flattened stacks appear as a nuclear-cap in mammalian cells?

The Golgi apparatus
What organelle is responsible for the modification, sorting and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion or delivery to another organelle?

Golgi Apparatus
What organelle is responsible for Oligosaccharide processing and assembly; Phosphorylation and sulfation modification of proteins?

Golgi apparatus
What organelle is responsible for Intracellular degradation, nutrient and waste storage (plant & fungi) and maintenance of cytosolic pH and turgur pressure (plant & fungi)?

Lysosome/vacuole
What organelle is responsible for the production of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation) and the catabolism of branched chain amino acids (Leu, Ile, Val)?

Mitochondria
What organelle is responsible for heme biosynthesis and the assembly of Fe and Fe-S complexes?

Mitochondria





































































































































