Chapter 12 Flashcards
Baroque and Plain Architectural Styles
Boroque- Used art and decoration to the back some catholic followers. Magnificent, very ornate, beautiful.
Peter Paul Rubens- 1571-1640
Plain- prodistant architectural styles. Believed that simplicity is the right way of living. Simplicity in the imitation of Christ.
Remandt van Rijn- 1606-1669
Politique and examples
Somebody who puts political stability over religious unity.
Competing families in France after death of Henry II
Bourbone- Protestant
Montermacy-chatillon- Protestant
Guise-Catholic
Characteristics and facts about french protestants
Hugenotes. 1/15th of France.
Acknowledge the Protestants new land power in France. Concluded the war.
Event which started the French Wars of Religion
Massacare at Vassey- 1562- duke of guise massacres hundreds of Protestants.
Effects of the peace of saint germain-en-laye
1570, acknowledge the Protestants new found power in France. ultimately concluded the war.
Facts about St Bartholomew’s day massacre
Aug 24 1572 Cologne and 3000 Huguenots were killed. 20,000 more were killed concluding the first massacre. It was issued by Catherine de Medici. gained the attention of Protestants all around including Queen Elizabeth of England.
Characteristics and facts about Henry IV of France
1589-1610 formally known as Henry of Navarre. Protestant, Politique. Was involved in the war of Henrys.
Facts about the edict of nantes
1598 granted freedom and tolerance to protestants. Religious settlement. Catholic national religion. Extended religious freedom. Right to worship properly. Right to assemble. Right for Protestants to fortify their own towns.
Key players of the French Religious War.
Henry III, Henry of Guise, Henry of Navarre. Cologne, Conde, Francis, Catherine de Medichi.
Climax of Spanish/English hostilities.
1588 defeat of the Spanish Armada.
Characteristics of Phillip II
He is the king of Spain and the emperor of the HRE. Catholic. Married Queen Mary I. 1556-1598. Not a politique.
Condition of Spanish Economy in the 16th and 17th century.
Very wealthy due to their discovery of the new world. There was a huge difference between the upper class and the lower class.
The compromise
Promised to resist the degrees of the councils of Trent- 1564
Phillip II foreign policy and action during the 1st half of his reign.
Determined by catholic terror and dynastic objectives. Limit freedom of worship in the Netherlands. Focused more against the Turks
Perpetual Edict of 1577
Agreed to remove Spanish forces from the Netherlands in 20 days
Major area of resistance that prevented Spanish world empire.
The Netherlands
Successors of Edward VI of England.
Lady Jane Grey, Mary I, Elizabeth I
Facts about Mary I and her reign.
1559-1558 known as bloody Mary. Made the statue of crammer which removed all Protestant decrees. Marrian Protestantism killed 287 leading Protestants. Married Phillip 2 from Spain. Lost Calais in 1558
Religious Extremist who threatened the reign of Elizabeth 1
Catholic Jesuits.- Sent missionaries to harass and bully protestants. Planed to kill Queen Elizabeth.
Spain- Phillip II proposed to Elizabeth but she said “Eww hell no. Get your rachet ass away from me.” It kinda pissed spain off.
Facts about the Elizabethan Settlement.
Settled religious settlement between catholic and Protestants. Catholic symbols kept. Teaching of Protestants still kept. Kept catholic princes. annulled order of the settlement. Nicknamed good queen bess.
Thirty-nine articles
1563 officially declared Protestantism as the official religion of Europe.
Puratins, Presbyterians, And Congregationalists.
Puritans- Saught to purify the Anglican church. Resisted part of the Elizabethan settlement.
Presbyterians-Founder John Knox. Non sentimentalist puritans.
Congregationalists- Extreme Presbyterians. They didn’t want any guidance from the church leader. Extreme, Dangerous, could create little factions within the Anglican church.
Causes for outbreak of war between Spain and England
1568 duke of Alba takes 10,000 man to the Netherlands, 1570-Elizabeth was excommunicated. 1572- Pirating of Spanish ships 1587- Mary queen of scots killed 1572- St Bartholomews day massacre
Reasons for pope sixtus V’s support for Spain against England
Because of the Execution of Mary queen of scots.
Significance of the Spanish Armada.
1588 marked the beginning of declining power. Due to this France becomes the world supreme power. Netherlands also benefit from this.
Preconditions of the Thirty years war.
Decentralized Germany
Religious Division
Calvinism trying to establish itself.
Maximilian of Bavaria
Significance of Bavaria in the 30 years war
Calvinist stronghold.
Ecclesiastical reservation
froze territorial holdings of Lutherans post 1555
importance of Germany to Europes merchants and traders
it was used more as a highway all around Europe.
Significance of Heidelberg during the mid 16th century
Center of Calvinism in the later half of the 16th century.
Defensive alliance of Palatine Calvinists.
England and France and the Netherlands
Religious population of the HRE in the 17th century
1/2 and 1/2 but slightly a little bit more on the Lutheran side.
Place of outbreak of the 30 years war?
Bohemia, Defenestration of Prague
Phases of the 30 years war
Bohemian phase
Danish
Swedish
Swedish-french
Reasons for beginning of the 30 years war
Defenestration of Prague. Because Ferdinand II took away protestant rights which pissed them off.
The Defenestration of Prague.
Where Protestants threw 3 royal officials out the window and they landed in a pile of manure.
Actions of Ferdinand, king of Bavaria
Revoked the religious freedoms of Protestants.
Edict of Restitution- Stage
Made Calvinism illegal during the Danish period
Battle of Breitenfeld
1630 turning point of the 30 years war. Gustavus adsolves victory
Peace of Prague
1635 German Protestants reached a compromise with Ferdinand and the Netherlands. Still supported Sweden. Could be considered the Calvinist version of the Peace of Augsburg,
Depopulation of Germany because of 30 years war
1/3 of the german population.
Facts about the Treaty of Westphalia
1648 ended all hostilities in the HRE. Respond Ferdinand edict of resistant and peace of Augsburg. Calvinists declared an official religion. Switzerland becomes a nation.
Major events associated with Tudor Monarchs
Henry VIII- Act of supremacy
Henry VII- War of Roses 1555-1585
Mary- Calais is lost in 1558
Elizabeth- Elizabethan settlement
Important Dates (For Sadie bird because I know she needs it ;) )
October 31, 1517- 95 Theses 1534- Act of supremacy 1555- Peace of Augsburg 1521- Diet of worms 1545-1563- Council of Trent 1618-1648 -30 years war 1588- Spanish armada 1572- St Bartholomew day massacre 1576- Pacification of Ghent 1603- Elizabeth dies, End of Tudor dynasty.
