Chapter 11 Flashcards
Where was the birthplace of the Reformation?
Saxony, Germany
What was the group that were allies of reforming the Catholic church in the 16th century
Protestant Reformers Guilds. Printers guild. Laity. Peasents and townspeople.
What were some contributing factors to lay criticism of the church?
Urban lay people were increasingly knowledgeable about the world around them. They traveled widely,
They had a new postal system, and the printing press. This lead to curiosity
What was the common goal of the 13th-15th lay religious movement?
Religious simplicity in the imitation of Christ.
What is the ideology of the brothers of the common life?
It was a boarding school for reform minded laity. Pushed for religion services outside the church.
What is the “imitation of Christ?”
It is a book for monks and nuns which served as a guide to the inner life.
Who is Martin Luther?
Martin Luther is a guy who went to the university of eract. He looked for justification in the teachings of the catholic church. His father was a minor. He joined the order of st hermits of Augustine on July 17th 1505
Salvation according to the Medieval church?
(Works+grace=salvation) Joint venture, a combonation of divine mercy and human good works. What god alone could do is what men alone was expected to do in return.
Facts about the doctrine , practices and selling of indulgences.
Also known as sincurance. Used to shortin a persons time in purgatory. Church took advantage of this. Pope Leo X made the jubellee indulgence. Changed eternal penalty to temporal penalty. Spread by Yoham tetzel.
95 theses.
October 31, 1517. Written by Martin Luther. Criticizes the catholic church. Humanists supported it. Written in Latin. “Salvation cannot be bought or sold”
Literacy works of Martin Luther and their messages?
Written in 1520.
Freedom of a cristian- taught salvation by faith alone
Address to the cristian nobility of the German nation- princes to force remains of the church
Babylonian captivity of the church- attacked the 7 sacraments.
95 theses- Oct 17, 1517. Criticizes the church and the pope.
Diet of worms
April 15, 1521. A council that treailed Luther for herashy and commanded him to repent. He did not.
Martin Luthers views on how salvation was achieved.
(Beliefs+works=grace)=salvation
Peace of augsburg
September 1555, said the ruler of them and would determine its religion.
Reaction to the German pheasent revolt.
Peasents revolted believing Luther was on their side. Luther stabbed them in the back and 75,000-100,000 peasents killed.
Diet of augsburg
- Charles V said they’ll stop Lutheran teachings and return to Catholic teaching. Princes said hell no. Dropped the Augsburg confession.
Schmalkaldic league
February 1531, prince and prodistantalliance against the emporer of the HRE and the catholic church.
Leaders of the Reformation in Zurich
Ulrich Zwingli- 1484-1531 leader of the swiss reformstion
Point of contention between Luther and Zwingli
They had bitter theological differences over the nature of Christ’s presence.
Luther- spiritually and bodily
Zwingli- spiritually
Who were the Anabaptists?
Fundamentalist prodistsnts. Rejected the idea of infant baptism.
Who is John Calvin?
Came from France. Left to live in switzerland. He was a man born into a rich French family. Leader of the calvanists.be believed the catholic church was evil. Wrote- “institute of the cristisn religion”
Lutheranism in demnark
King Christian II introduced it to Denmark.
Religious significance of Magdeburg during the 16th century
It was a refuge place for prodistsnts from the HRE and pope.
Who is Henry VIII
From the tutor dynasty. “Defense of the 7 sacraments” (1509-1547) nicknamed defender of the faith. He was the king of England and the founder of the Anglican church.
The kings “great matter”
King Henry VIII setting to end his marriage with Catherine of Aragon.
Reformation parliament, measures and legleslations.
1529-1536 royal authority taking catholic church property.
Act of sucession
1534 illiginimized any children with Catherine of Aragon (Mary) and liginimized Anne bolyns children. (Elizabeth)
Act of uniformity
1662 public worship services requiredthe book of the common prayer written by Thomas crammer in in 1535.
Act of supremacy
1534 declared HenryVIII the supreme head of the church OF england. Known as the Anglican church.
The wives of king Henry VIII
He had 6 wives Catherine of aragon- Mary (divorced) Anne bolyn- Elizabeth (beheaded) Jane Seymor- Edward (died) Anne of cleaves (divorced) Catherine Howard (beheaded) Catherine par (survived)
Tudor monarchs
Mix between the house of york and the house of landcastor. Rulers of England.
Six articles
1539 written by Henry VIII. Known as the whip with 6 stings. Aimed at the prodistsnts.
Who were the Jesuits?
“Society of Jesus” organized the the late 1530s believed in the simplicity in the life of Jesus. Tried to live like jesus.
Ignstious of Loyola
He was the founder and leader of the Jesuits.
The council of trent.
1545-1563 calls a general council of the church to reassert church doctrines. Lead by pope Paul. Only one in chsrge . covered the spam time of 4 popes. Better education for clergy. It was sucessful
Protestants and their views on marriage.
Much more likely to marry people then get divorced. More tolerant of divorce.
Contributing factors of wet nursing
Other people nursed your baby for you. Condemned from the catholic church. Higher mortality rate. Prominent by upper class women
Miguel de cervantes
1547-1616 writer from Spain who wrote the book Don Quixote.
William Shakespeare
1564-1616 named greatest dramatist ever. Play writer during the elizabethan era. Kingsman. Plays- Romeo and Juliet Richard III Hamlet Othelo King leer Macbeth
